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State markets/Pennsylvania/Armstrong County

COUNTY MORTGAGE MARKET · FIPS 42005

Armstrong County, Pennsylvania

Who lends in Armstrong County, how much, and to whom — built from HMDA public mortgage disclosure data, U.S. Census ACS housing estimates and FEMA's National Risk Index.

Origination volume · 2025

$150.4M

Origination volumeSum of loan amount over HMDA records with action taken = 1.

Originations · 2025

1,067

OriginationsCount of HMDA records with action taken = 1 (loan originated) in the activity year.

Denial rate · 2025

20.1%

Denial rateApplications denied (action taken = 3) divided by applications acted upon (actions 1-5).

Lenders active · 2025

160

Lenders activeDistinct LEIs with at least one application acted upon (HMDA action taken 1-5, 7 or 8) in the county and year.

Market structure

How spread out lending is across the 160 lenders that originated in Armstrong County in 2025. HHI is the Herfindahl-Hirschman index over lender shares.

Concentration (HHI)

322

unconcentrated

Top-5 lender share

31.4%

of originations

Purchase

65.2%

462 loans

Refinance

34.8%

247 loans

Origination trend

Annual mortgage origination volume and loan count in Armstrong County, 2023–2025. Pick a window, export the graph or its data, or click a year to open every record behind it.

Lenders in Armstrong County

Sort, filter, add columns, export, or open a row for the lender's card. Each row links to the lender's company page and to its Armstrong County loan records. The panel states which source answered and exactly which lenders that source covers.

ORIGINATION FLOOR
Hide the long tail of lenders with only a handful of loans here.
FULL RECORD LIST FOR ARMSTRONG COUNTY →

TOP TEN LENDERS IN ARMSTRONG COUNTY · 10

The ten largest lenders by origination volume — the precomputed county leaderboard, not the whole market.

1–10 OF 10 LENDERS

Loading every lender that acted on an application in this county. The rows below are the precomputed county leaderboard — the ten largest by volume, not the whole market.

57$11.6M$11.6M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
61$10.8M$10.8M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
58$9.3M$9.3M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
55$8.9M$8.9M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
65$6.7M$6.7M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
62$6.4M$6.4M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
46$5.5M$5.5M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
49$4.9M$4.9M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
40$4.8M$4.8M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
36$4.2M$4.2M originated in Armstrong County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—

Source: the precomputed county lender leaderboard (lender_county_year) — its ten largest lenders by origination volume, not the county. As of HMDA activity year 2025. Denial rate = denials / decisioned applications (originated + approved-but-not-accepted + denied).

ZIP areas in Armstrong County

All 37 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas that touch Armstrong County, built by grouping the county's census tracts through the Census 2020 crosswalk. A ZCTA approximates a USPS ZIP code; HMDA itself reports no postal geography, so each row opens the tracts behind it, where the records are exact.

TRACT FLOOR
Hide the ZIP areas that only clip a corner of this county.
37 OF 37 ZIP AREASEVERY ZIP AREA TOUCHING THE COUNTY — NO ROWS WITHHELD
TOP LENDERRECORDS
33 of the 10 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.12,5115.2%3,846——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
33 of the 4 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.11,5705.3%4,074——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
22 of the 2 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.7,4894.2%2,281——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
11 of the 3 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.4,7123.1%1,510——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 3 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.4,6055.2%1,782——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
22 of the 3 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.4,5606.4%1,547——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
11 of the 2 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.3,6793.3%1,277——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Armstrong County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.3,4524.3%1,231——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Armstrong County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.3,2764.1%1,012——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Armstrong County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.2,8679.3%837——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 4 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.2,4726.9%861——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 4 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.2,2953.3%843——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 2 Armstrong County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.2,0703.1%704——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 2 tracts of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 2 tracts of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 2 tracts of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 2 tracts of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 4 tracts of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 2 tracts of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Armstrong County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.

19 of Armstrong County’s 19 census tracts are grouped into the ZIP areas above, with none left over. The two add up to the county exactly, because each tract is counted once. A ZCTA — ZIP Code Tabulation Area — is the U.S. Census Bureau's area approximation of a USPS ZIP code, not the ZIP code itself. HMDA reports no postal geography at all, so these rows are census tracts grouped by the Census 2020 tract-to-ZCTA relationship file: each tract is counted once, in the single ZCTA covering the most of its land. Housing figures are HMDA tract attributes for activity year 2025, summed over the tracts each ZIP area owns — a ZIP area that owns no tract shows an em-dash, never a zero.

Census tracts in Armstrong County

All 19 tracts, with the FFIEC income character and HMDA housing attributes of each. Open a tract for its own lender ranking, or open its records directly.

19 OF 19 TRACTSEVERY TRACT IN THE COUNTY — NO ROWS WITHHELD
TOP LENDERRECORDS
Moderate75.5%4,7123.1%OPEN →
Moderate76.1%2,0703.1%OPEN →
Middle86.9%3,2764.1%OPEN →
Middle89.6%2,2953.3%OPEN →
Middle116.4%5,3423.7%OPEN →
Moderate69.2%3,2485.7%OPEN →
Moderate74.2%3,6793.3%OPEN →
Middle94.7%3,7894.2%OPEN →
Middle82.3%4,9224.7%OPEN →
Moderate77.0%2,8597.8%OPEN →
Moderate58.0%3,9216.9%OPEN →
Middle93.8%5,7533.6%OPEN →
Middle94.6%2,4114.9%OPEN →
Moderate73.7%2,4726.9%OPEN →
Middle82.3%2,8679.3%OPEN →
Moderate74.9%4,6055.2%OPEN →
Middle83.3%3,4524.3%OPEN →
Moderate74.9%2,1498.1%OPEN →
Moderate75.5%1,7366.0%OPEN →

Source: FFIEC census-tract file (income level, MSA, urban/rural) and HMDA tract attributes (population, minority share, housing units), latest loaded activity year. The whole county is listed — the table is filtered and paged in the browser over the complete set, never a server-side slice of it.

Housing & households

U.S. Census American Community Survey 2024 estimates — the demand side behind the lending figures above.

Population

64,622

Median household income

$65,008

Median home value

$157,300

Median gross rent

$785

per month

Owner-occupied

78.8%

of occupied units

Housing units

32,128

12.7% vacant

Poverty rate

11.8%

Unemployment

4.3%

Natural-hazard exposure

FEMA National Risk Index ratings for this county — expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience, plus the individual perils rated Relatively High or above.

Overall risk

Relatively Low

score 69.3

Social vulnerability

Relatively Moderate

Community resilience

Very High

Federal disaster history

Months in which a FEMA disaster declaration was active in this county, from the declarations series.

Months with an active declaration

63

Declarations recorded

17

Incident types on record: Biological, Flood, Hurricane, Severe Storm, Snowstorm, Tornado.

Everything we hold on Armstrong County

12 data areas have rows for this county. Each one is one click away below; the 18 we checked and did not find at county grain are named at the end with the reason.

LOAN-LEVEL

The individual HMDA application and origination records behind every figure on this page, pre-filtered to Armstrong County.

HMDA loan-level (hmda_loan_wide, county_code)

Open the loan explorer for Armstrong County →Every reported application and origination in FIPS 42005, filterable on rate, amount, income, purpose and action taken. Loan-level tier.

VA

VA-guaranteed lending in Armstrong County by fiscal year — the veteran channel, which HMDA counts but does not separate from the rest of the government book at this grain.

VA Loan Guaranty geographic loan volume (va_geo_loan_volume, county_fips), folded to fiscal year

VA loans · FY2026

43

—

Purchase share

41.9%

18 loans

IRRRL refinances

14

Cash-out refinances

11

202643—181411
202542—161313
202440—2758
202349—34015
2022——36913
2021102—405210
202079—33388
201941—25214
201857—38712
201766—391512
201655—281413
201550—29912

The most recent fiscal year is partial until VA closes it. This file carries no lender key, so VA volume cannot be attributed to a company.

BUILDING PERMITS

New residential units authorised in Armstrong County — the supply-side leading indicator that runs ahead of purchase originations.

Census Building Permits Survey county series (census_building_permits, geo_id at geo_level 'county')

HOUSING SUPPLY · CENSUS BUILDING PERMITS

Armstrong County building permits

New privately-owned housing units authorized by building permits — the supply-side leading indicator that runs ahead of housing starts and the purchase-origination pipeline. Single-family (SF, 1-unit) vs. multifamily (MF, 2+ units), by year.

Single-family · 2025

29

−21.6% vs 2024

Multifamily · 2025

0

−100.0% vs 2024

Total authorized · 2025

29

−49.1% vs 2024

Permit valuation · 2025

$9.3M

authorized construction value

Units authorized by year

Armstrong County · total permitted units · hover for the single-family split

UNITS · SF IN TOOLTIP
063125188250199019921994199619982000200220042006200820102012201420162018202020222024202529 units

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (BPS), imputed totals (the published “units authorized” headline). SF = 1-unit; MF = 2+ units. Public no-login Census data. Attribution.

MIGRATION & WEALTH

IRS county-to-county migration flows for Armstrong County, showing population movement and wealth transfer.

IRS county-to-county migration flows (irs_county_migration, self_geoid)

outflow2223Other flows - Northeast, DS———
inflow2223Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow2223Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow2223Westmoreland County, PA282440$12.6M
outflow2223Westmoreland County, PA244423$11.4M
inflow2223Allegheny County, PA226356$11.7M
outflow2223Allegheny County, PA192283$10.1M
outflow2223Butler County, PA158245$8.6M
inflow2223Butler County, PA154274$8.0M
outflow2223Other flows - South, DS136209$9.5M
outflow2223Indiana County, PA119202$5.7M
inflow2223Indiana County, PA104183$4.4M
inflow2223Other flows - South, DS100167$5.1M
outflow2223Clarion County, PA83169$4.1M
inflow2223Clarion County, PA76147$3.3M
outflow2223Other flows - Midwest, DS5888$2.5M
inflow2223Other flows - Midwest, DS3751$1.4M
inflow2223Other flows - West, DS3453$2.1M
outflow2223Jefferson County, PA3057$1.4M
outflow2223Other flows - West, DS2837$1.3M
inflow2223Other flows - Northeast, DS2445$1.4M
outflow2122Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow2122Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow2122Other flows - Northeast, DS———
inflow2122Westmoreland County, PA257422$10.9M
outflow2122Westmoreland County, PA253432$11.2M
inflow2122Allegheny County, PA245382$13.3M
outflow2122Allegheny County, PA213282$11.8M
outflow2122Butler County, PA187320$10.3M
inflow2122Butler County, PA163276$7.8M
outflow2122Other flows - South, DS148231$9.7M
outflow2122Indiana County, PA134238$5.5M
inflow2122Other flows - South, DS114191$14.5M
outflow2122Clarion County, PA84140$3.8M
inflow2122Indiana County, PA83163$3.7M
inflow2122Clarion County, PA71135$3.2M
outflow2122Other flows - Midwest, DS5597$2.9M
inflow2122Other flows - Midwest, DS3555$1.3M
inflow2122Other flows - West, DS3355$1.5M
outflow2122Other flows - West, DS2730$1.1M
outflow2122Other flows - Northeast, DS2125$1.1M
inflow2122Jefferson County, PA2148$945K
outflow2122Jefferson County, PA2137$935K
inflow2021Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow2021Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow2021Other flows - Northeast, DS———
inflow2021Westmoreland County, PA308524$11.4M
outflow2021Westmoreland County, PA262435$11.6M
inflow2021Allegheny County, PA239393$12.3M
outflow2021Allegheny County, PA182261$9.0M
inflow2021Butler County, PA175330$10.2M
outflow2021Butler County, PA170288$9.6M
outflow2021Other flows - South, DS133211$8.2M
outflow2021Indiana County, PA121208$4.2M
inflow2021Other flows - South, DS111191$5.8M
inflow2021Indiana County, PA89176$4.5M
outflow2021Clarion County, PA86163$3.1M
inflow2021Clarion County, PA68142$3.0M
outflow2021Other flows - Midwest, DS4670$2.3M
inflow2021Other flows - Midwest, DS4060$1.6M
inflow2021Other flows - West, DS3755$2.2M
outflow2021Other flows - West, DS3252$1.8M
outflow2021Jefferson County, PA2650$990K
inflow2021Jefferson County, PA2147$828K
inflow2021Other flows - Northeast, DS2038$1.6M
inflow1920Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow1920Other flows - Northeast, DS———
inflow1920Westmoreland County, PA291526$12.2M
outflow1920Westmoreland County, PA281467$12.3M
outflow1920Allegheny County, PA213351$12.5M
inflow1920Allegheny County, PA213370$11.7M
outflow1920Butler County, PA201367$10.8M
inflow1920Butler County, PA172298$8.9M
outflow1920Other flows - South, DS135229$6.4M
inflow1920Other flows - South, DS133224$5.9M
inflow1920Indiana County, PA118220$4.7M
outflow1920Indiana County, PA108223$4.8M
inflow1920Clarion County, PA87159$3.5M
outflow1920Clarion County, PA80162$3.0M
inflow1920Other flows - Midwest, DS4575$3.2M
outflow1920Other flows - Midwest, DS4596$2.5M
inflow1920Other flows - Northeast, DS3477$1.8M
outflow1920Other flows - West, DS3358$1.8M
inflow1920Jefferson County, PA2853$894K
inflow1920Other flows - West, DS2852$1.9M
inflow1819Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow1819Other flows - Northeast, DS———
outflow1819Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow1819Westmoreland County, PA288519$10.3M
inflow1819Westmoreland County, PA256444$9.2M
outflow1819Allegheny County, PA212309$9.3M
outflow1819Butler County, PA186304$9.2M
inflow1819Butler County, PA167301$8.8M
inflow1819Allegheny County, PA155259$7.3M
outflow1819Other flows - South, DS153263$8.2M
outflow1819Indiana County, PA120229$4.1M
inflow1819Other flows - South, DS106163$5.5M
inflow1819Clarion County, PA85155$3.4M
inflow1819Indiana County, PA78163$3.3M
outflow1819Clarion County, PA68152$3.1M
inflow1819Other flows - Midwest, DS3764$1.5M
outflow1819Other flows - Midwest, DS3664$1.9M
outflow1819Other flows - West, DS2844$1.3M
outflow1819Jefferson County, PA2763$1.2M
inflow1819Other flows - West, DS2543$1.7M
inflow1819Other flows - Northeast, DS2032$1.1M
inflow1718Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow1718Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow1718Westmoreland County, PA288476$12.0M
inflow1718Westmoreland County, PA271453$9.5M
outflow1718Allegheny County, PA235318$11.1M
inflow1718Allegheny County, PA209331$12.1M
outflow1718Butler County, PA163308$8.1M
inflow1718Butler County, PA149302$7.6M
outflow1718Other flows - South, DS141242$6.7M
outflow1718Indiana County, PA108203$4.4M
inflow1718Other flows - South, DS96164$3.7M
inflow1718Indiana County, PA87152$3.2M
inflow1718Clarion County, PA74153$2.8M
outflow1718Other flows - Midwest, DS67114$3.0M
outflow1718Clarion County, PA66116$2.2M
inflow1718Other flows - Midwest, DS4479$1.8M
inflow1718Other flows - West, DS3677$2.0M
outflow1718Other flows - West, DS2858$703K
inflow1718Jefferson County, PA2550$674K
inflow1718Other flows - Northeast, DS2344$934K
outflow1718Other flows - Northeast, DS2130$679K
outflow1617Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow1617Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow1617Westmoreland County, PA371691$14.4M
outflow1617Westmoreland County, PA359628$13.3M
inflow1617Allegheny County, PA297490$15.0M
outflow1617Allegheny County, PA283401$11.9M
outflow1617Butler County, PA202372$9.6M
inflow1617Butler County, PA192383$8.0M
outflow1617Other flows - South, DS189335$8.7M
outflow1617Indiana County, PA132259$4.8M
inflow1617Indiana County, PA129244$4.4M
inflow1617Other flows - South, DS118225$6.3M
inflow1617Clarion County, PA100185$3.6M
outflow1617Clarion County, PA97204$3.4M
outflow1617Other flows - Midwest, DS56113$2.3M
inflow1617Other flows - Midwest, DS4880$1.9M
inflow1617Other flows - West, DS3962$1.6M
outflow1617Other flows - West, DS3964$1.9M
inflow1617Jefferson County, PA3059$1.1M
inflow1617Other flows - Northeast, DS2852$906K
outflow1617Jefferson County, PA2767$1.0M
outflow1617Other flows - Northeast, DS2646$731K
outflow1516Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow1516Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow1516Other flows - Midwest, DS———
outflow1516Other flows - Northeast, DS———
inflow1516Westmoreland County, PA257496$8.8M
outflow1516Westmoreland County, PA256468$9.2M
outflow1516Allegheny County, PA227338$9.9M
inflow1516Allegheny County, PA185343$7.7M
outflow1516Other flows - South, DS161291$9.1M
inflow1516Butler County, PA157272$7.6M
outflow1516Butler County, PA143260$7.0M
inflow1516Other flows - South, DS97185$3.7M
inflow1516Indiana County, PA94186$3.4M
outflow1516Indiana County, PA92171$3.8M
inflow1516Clarion County, PA73154$2.1M
outflow1516Clarion County, PA65140$2.1M
outflow1516Other flows - Midwest, DS55112$2.9M
outflow1516Jefferson County, PA3058$1.4M
inflow1516Other flows - West, DS3061$1.3M
outflow1516Other flows - West, DS2840$962K
inflow1516Jefferson County, PA2650$988K
inflow1516Other flows - Northeast, DS2647$1.1M
outflow1415Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow1415Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow1415Other flows - Midwest, DS———
inflow1415Other flows - Northeast, DS———
outflow1415Westmoreland County, PA189325$6.3M
inflow1415Westmoreland County, PA186292$6.8M
outflow1415Allegheny County, PA164232$6.9M
inflow1415Allegheny County, PA139236$5.6M
outflow1415Butler County, PA121237$6.7M
inflow1415Butler County, PA109210$4.2M
outflow1415Other flows - South, DS97172$5.8M
outflow1415Indiana County, PA87173$3.3M
inflow1415Other flows - South, DS82140$3.1M
inflow1415Clarion County, PA74150$4.4M
outflow1415Clarion County, PA59109$1.9M
inflow1415Indiana County, PA58107$1.7M
outflow1415Other flows - West, DS3461$1.4M
outflow1415Other flows - Midwest, DS2753$1.3M
inflow1415Other flows - West, DS2432$1.0M
outflow1415Other flows - Northeast, DS2026$1.4M
inflow1314Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow1314Other flows - Northeast, DS———
outflow1314Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow1314Westmoreland County, PA254428$8.1M
inflow1314Westmoreland County, PA246458$7.7M
outflow1314Allegheny County, PA221357$7.3M
outflow1314Butler County, PA177336$7.3M
inflow1314Allegheny County, PA174305$7.5M
outflow1314Other flows - South, DS163277$14.2M

UAD APPRAISALS

FHFA Uniform Appraisal Dataset aggregates for Armstrong County.

FHFA UAD aggregate statistics (uad_aggregate_county, geoid) and appraisal-level public use file (uad_puf, county_fips)

2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals265.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2023RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals86.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2023BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals351.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2023RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals162,000.0
2023BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals160,000.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals160,000.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2022BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals160,500.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals150,000.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2022RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals154.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2022RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals179,500.0
2022BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals492.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals338.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2021RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals189,500.0
2021BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals735.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals409.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2021RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals326.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2021BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals170,000.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals145,000.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2020BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals606.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals322.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2020BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals171,000.0
2020RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals203,500.0
2020RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals284.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals142,000.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2019BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals132,000.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals323.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2019RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals185,500.0
2019BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals477.0
2019RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals154.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals120,000.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2018RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals164,000.0
2018BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals417.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals270.0
2018RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals147.0
2018BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals139,000.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals125,000.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.6
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2017RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals155,000.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2017BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals376.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals208.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals106,500.0
2017RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals168.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2017BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals130,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals204.0
2016RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals151,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals129,300.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2016BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals140,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2016BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals397.0
2016RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals193.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.3
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals125,000.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2015RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals155,000.0
2015BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals322.0
2015RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals157.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals165.0
2015BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals140,000.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.9
2014BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals130,000.0

ECONOMY & INCOME

Local economy indicators — BLS unemployment rates and BEA personal income for Armstrong County.

BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (bls_laus_county_month, geoid) and BEA personal income (bea_county_income, geo_fips)

BLS Local Area Unemployment

2026-0530,26429,1071,1573.8%
2026-0430,07228,9741,0983.7%
2026-0330,11128,6921,4194.7%
2026-0230,06328,2841,7795.9%
2026-0130,13328,4211,7125.7%
2025-1230,04728,6481,3994.7%
2025-1130,06828,8301,2384.1%
2025-0929,79728,5241,2734.3%
2025-0830,15728,5081,6495.5%
2025-0730,24928,7061,5435.1%
2025-0630,05728,6031,4544.8%
2025-0529,74328,5511,1924.0%
2025-0429,83128,6071,2244.1%
2025-0329,90028,4411,4594.9%
2025-0229,93828,1961,7425.8%
2025-0130,05428,2041,8506.2%
2024-1229,79928,3831,4164.8%
2024-1129,75228,5881,1643.9%
2024-1029,97128,8071,1643.9%
2024-0929,92228,8421,0803.6%
2024-0830,35428,8261,5285.0%
2024-0730,74629,1871,5595.1%
2024-0630,43829,0071,4314.7%
2024-0530,13929,0681,0713.6%
2024-0430,16929,0491,1203.7%
2024-0330,43029,0561,3744.5%
2024-0230,53728,8651,6725.5%
2024-0130,39628,7681,6285.4%
2023-1230,31229,0441,2684.2%
2023-1130,43029,3791,0513.5%
2023-1030,40229,3381,0643.5%
2023-0930,25229,2361,0163.4%
2023-0830,72929,2241,5054.9%
2023-0730,70529,3631,3424.4%
2023-0630,47129,1721,2994.3%
2023-0530,08829,0151,0733.6%
2023-0429,91728,9269913.3%
2023-0330,29028,7741,5165.0%
2023-0230,29228,5021,7905.9%
2023-0130,17728,4231,7545.8%
2022-1230,05928,7021,3574.5%
2022-1130,02828,7681,2604.2%
2022-1030,23228,9991,2334.1%
2022-0930,11828,9421,1763.9%
2022-0830,67428,8021,8726.1%
2022-0730,70429,0181,6865.5%
2022-0630,55328,8441,7095.6%
2022-0530,45329,0411,4124.6%
2022-0430,14428,7501,3944.6%
2022-0330,39228,7251,6675.5%
2022-0230,38828,4331,9556.4%
2022-0130,35928,3422,0176.6%
2021-1229,92228,5011,4214.7%
2021-1130,26428,7351,5295.1%
2021-1030,62728,7241,9036.2%
2021-0930,71928,5752,1447.0%
2021-0830,75528,4902,2657.4%
2021-0731,33928,7652,5748.2%
2021-0630,87428,5312,3437.6%
2021-0530,65328,4832,1707.1%
2021-0430,52528,2432,2827.5%
2021-0330,63728,1792,4588.0%
2021-0230,81128,0082,8039.1%
2021-0130,64927,8412,8089.2%
2020-1230,95328,0902,8639.2%
2020-1130,83228,3932,4397.9%
2020-1030,98528,6372,3487.6%
2020-0931,00728,3032,7048.7%
2020-0831,30828,2233,0859.9%
2020-0731,48627,8103,67611.7%
2020-0631,31227,7983,51411.2%
2020-0530,45426,4823,97213.0%
2020-0430,21325,1255,08816.8%
2020-0331,53029,1922,3387.4%
2020-0231,78829,6472,1416.7%
2020-0131,77929,5732,2066.9%
2019-1231,83029,9521,8785.9%
2019-1131,69930,1641,5354.8%
2019-1031,82730,4281,3994.4%
2019-0931,59730,3491,2483.9%
2019-0832,02730,2651,7625.5%
2019-0732,13030,4321,6985.3%
2019-0631,88430,3521,5324.8%
2019-0531,50930,2361,2734.0%
2019-0431,34230,0221,3204.2%
2019-0331,73329,9511,7825.6%
2019-0231,94529,9352,0106.3%
2019-0131,88529,8322,0536.4%
2018-1231,87130,2221,6495.2%
2018-1131,71430,4421,2724.0%
2018-1031,79530,5321,2634.0%
2018-0931,60830,3741,2343.9%
2018-0831,93330,2401,6935.3%
2018-0732,36030,6421,7185.3%
2018-0632,12830,4041,7245.4%
2018-0531,68130,3361,3454.2%
2018-0431,58030,0581,5224.8%
2018-0331,88429,8961,9886.2%
2018-0232,13029,8042,3267.2%
2018-0131,98229,6002,3827.4%

BEA Personal Income

2024$3.87B63,679$61K
2023$3.77B64,094$59K
2022$3.66B64,664$57K
2021$3.49B65,211$54K
2020$3.28B65,460$50K
2019$2.99B65,817$45K
2018$2.89B66,409$44K
2017$2.73B66,918$41K
2016$2.63B67,220$39K
2015$2.63B67,547$39K
2014$2.70B68,145$40K
2013$2.64B68,408$39K
2012$2.63B68,495$38K
2011$2.70B68,812$39K
2010$2.46B69,059$36K
2009$2.37B69,120$34K
2008$2.57B69,611$37K
2007$2.24B69,845$32K
2006$2.17B70,030$31K
2005$2.03B70,602$29K
2004$1.91B71,404$27K
2003$1.88B71,645$26K
2002$1.81B71,747$25K
2001$1.75B71,956$24K
2000$1.70B72,268$24K
1999$1.64B72,572$23K
1998$1.57B73,040$22K
1997$1.51B73,116$21K
1996$1.45B73,544$20K
1995$1.38B73,978$19K
1994$1.34B74,236$18K
1993$1.28B74,356$17K
1992$1.24B73,850$17K
1991——$16K

NFIP FLOOD CLAIMS

FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) realised flood loss claims in Armstrong County.

FEMA NFIP redacted claims (nfip_claim, county_code)

2025-07-01$7K$7K$0Yes
2025-06-15$12K$12K$0Yes
2024-04-12$401.58$401.58$0Yes
2024-04-12$6K$6K$0Yes
2024-04-11$0$0$0Yes
2020-03-28$5K$5K$0Yes
2019-10-31$11K$10K$1KYes
2019-10-31$905.65$905.65$0Yes
2019-07-23$657.5$657.5$0Yes
2019-07-22$3K$3K$0Yes
2019-02-10$69K$59K$10KNo
2019-02-08$47K$47K$0No
2019-02-08$39K$39K$0Yes
2019-02-08$130K$106K$24KNo
2019-02-08$65K$55K$10KNo
2019-02-07$36K$30K$6KNo
2018-09-10$8K$8K$0Yes
2018-09-09$2K$2K$0Yes
2018-09-09$1K$1K$0Yes
2018-09-08$3K$3K$0Yes
2018-02-16$26K$26K$0Yes
2018-02-15$12K$0$12KNo
2018-01-28$14K$14K$0No
2018-01-15$61K$26K$35KYes
2018-01-13$8K$6K$1KYes
2018-01-13$2K$2K$0Yes
2018-01-13$20K$20K$0No
2018-01-13$47K$39K$8KNo
2018-01-12$4K$1K$3KNo
2018-01-12$14K$14K$0No
2018-01-12$85K$71K$14KNo
2018-01-12$639.98$605.35$34.63Yes
2018-01-12$8K$8K$0Yes
2018-01-12$12K$9K$3KNo
2018-01-12$28K$25K$3KNo
2018-01-12$182K$150K$33KNo
2018-01-12$0——No
2018-01-12$5K$5K$0Yes
2018-01-12$4K$4K$0Yes
2018-01-12$62K$53K$10KNo
2017-10-24$3K$3K$0Yes
2017-07-10$0——Yes
2017-06-22$6K$6K$0Yes
2017-05-05$3K$3K$0Yes
2017-05-05$0——Yes
2017-05-05$9K$8K$691Yes
2017-01-14$1K$1K$0No
2017-01-13$106K$90K$16KYes
2017-01-10$627.77$627.77$0No
2015-06-16$5K$5K$0No
2015-06-15$0——No
2015-06-14$0——No
2014-02-22$6K$6K$0No
2014-02-21$5K$5K$0Yes
2014-01-12$217.48$88.38$129.1No
2014-01-12$20K$20K$0No
2013-09-02$4K$4K$0No
2013-08-29$6K$6K$0Yes
2013-08-28$144K$0$144KNo
2013-08-28$3K$2K$254.88Yes
2013-08-28$13K$13K$0No
2013-08-28$23K$17K$6KNo
2013-08-28$35K$35K$0Yes
2013-08-28$0——No
2013-08-28$54K$44K$10KNo
2013-08-28$11K$11K$0No
2013-08-28$106K$91K$15KYes
2013-08-28$66K$53K$12KYes
2013-08-28$237K$202K$35KYes
2013-08-28$53K$36K$17KYes
2013-08-28$29K$29K$0Yes
2013-08-28$45K$45K$0Yes
2013-08-28$0——Yes
2013-08-28$7K$7K$0Yes
2013-08-28$48K$37K$11KYes
2013-08-28$35K$32K$3KYes
2013-08-28$76K$72K$4KYes
2013-08-28$988.34$988.34$0Yes
2013-08-28$88K$60K$27KYes
2013-08-28$8K$8K$0Yes
2013-08-28$32K$27K$5KNo
2013-08-28$33K$22K$10KYes
2013-08-28$29K$29K$0No
2013-08-28$16K$15K$874.58Yes
2013-08-25$0——No
2012-05-07$0——Yes
2010-08-13$0——No
2009-02-11$21K$20K$469.85Yes
2007-03-30$4K$4K$0No
2007-03-16$10K$9K$202.24No
2007-03-16$0——No
2007-03-15$5K$5K$0No
2007-03-15$6K$6K$810.9Yes
2007-03-15$3K$3K$0No
2007-03-15$27K$22K$4KNo
2006-06-28$19K$7K$11KYes
2006-06-26$652.29$652.29$0Yes
2006-06-26$21K$21K$0Yes
2006-06-25$23K$23K$0Yes
2006-06-25$20K$19K$1KNo

ALSO CHECKED

18 more data areas were checked for Armstrong County and did not earn a tab. A missing tab and an unasked question look the same on screen, so each one is named with the reason it is missing.

  • WRONG GRAIN
    FHA

    FHA Neighborhood Watch DOES publish county rows, but keys them on a free-text county NAME (“CHITTENDEN|VT”), not a FIPS code, and the single-family endorsement snapshot's property_county is likewise free text. Joining either to a county FIPS by name would attribute one county's delinquency to another wherever a name repeats, so FHA is a state-grain tab only until a curated name→FIPS crosswalk exists

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Fannie / Freddie

    the FHFA public-use database publishes single-family acquisitions at STATE and CENSUS-TRACT grain; no county rollup is published or loaded, and rolling tracts up to counties would double-count the tracts that straddle a county line

  • WRONG GRAIN
    GSE credit-risk transfer

    CAS and STACR loan-level disclosures publish PROPERTY STATE and a 3-digit zip; neither carries a county code, so credit-risk-transfer collateral cannot be attributed to a county

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Ginnie Mae

    Ginnie Mae's loan-level disclosure publishes PROPERTY STATE and nothing finer — there is no county, ZIP or tract field in the file, so agency-pool collateral has no county grain at all. The same is true of the UMBS pool file (fhfa_mbs_pool), which carries only CA/NY/FL/TX/PR concentration percentages

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Housing finance agency

    a housing finance agency is a STATE-chartered body — county is not a grain it has. Its programmes reach counties, but the agency itself is one row per state: hfa_agency is keyed on state_code and carries no county column, and there is no county-level agency underneath it to aggregate from

  • WRONG GRAIN
    CUSO network

    the NCUA CUSO Registry publishes a CUSO's city and STATE and no county at all (cuso_registry, migration 0195). A county FIPS does exist on the member-credit-union side (cuso_credit_union_link.cu_county_fips), but it is the CREDIT UNION'S CHARTER ADDRESS — where the institution is registered, not where the mortgage service it buys is delivered — so a county tab built on it would pin a statewide, often multi-state, service relationship onto the one county a charter document happens to name

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Subservicing map

    the same absence, one grain finer: subservicing_relationships holds no property or collateral column at all, so there is nothing to aggregate to a county. Where a client is a state HFA, the state housing finance agency area on this hub carries that agency and its named master servicer at its own state grain

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Co-issue MSR

    the same absence, and worse at county grain: Ginnie's loan-level disclosure publishes property STATE and nothing finer — no county, ZIP or tract field exists in the file — so even the collateral split that is rejected above at state grain is not available here at all

  • WRONG GRAIN
    MSR transfer graph

    the same absence at a finer grain, with no additional route to one: ginnie_servicing_transfers has no county column and the Ginnie loan-level disclosure it would have to be joined to publishes property state and nothing finer — no county, ZIP or tract field exists in either file

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Builder & realtor JV

    the same absence, one grain finer: the affiliation corpus has no geographic column at all, so nothing can be aggregated to a county. The affiliate lender's actual county-level originations are on the HMDA area of the county hub, keyed on the lender rather than on its parent

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Non-QM deal calendar

    the same structural gap, one grain finer: a 144A non-QM deal publishes no asset-level file at all, so there is no loan, no property and therefore no county to attribute anything to. This is the one absence on this hub that no future load can close

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Agency-MBS demand

    the same absence, and Ginnie's disclosure has no county field at any grain, so even the collateral allocation that is rejected above at state grain cannot be computed here

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Complaints-rate stack

    the same broken denominator, plus a numerator that does not reach county either: the CFPB publishes a complaint's state and a partially redacted ZIP and no county, so neither half of this ratio exists at county grain

  • WRONG GRAIN
    NMLS licensing

    NMLS licences are issued by a STATE regulator and the industry report is published by state agency and quarter; there is no county in the licensing system to aggregate to

  • WRONG GRAIN
    CFPB complaints

    the CFPB publishes a complaint's STATE and a partially redacted ZIP; it publishes no county, and deriving one from a redacted ZIP would put complaints in the wrong county wherever a ZIP straddles a county line

  • WRONG GRAIN
    State enforcement

    enforcement orders are issued by a STATE regulator against a licensee; they carry no property or county

  • WRONG GRAIN
    WARN notices

    a WARN notice names an employer, a CITY and a region — no county code — and matching city to county by name is ambiguous in most states

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Mortgage employment

    the QCEW extract loaded here holds STATE and METRO area types only — the county-level QCEW file is a separate, far larger download that is not loaded, so county mortgage employment cannot be shown honestly

Several of the areas above are published only at state grain. They are all on the PA state hub, which carries the same registry at the grain those sources actually have.

Go deeper

EVERY HMDA RECORD IN ARMSTRONG COUNTY →Opens the loan explorer already filtered to county FIPS 42005.

See the Pennsylvania state market profile for the statewide picture, the Pennsylvania state hub for every dataset we hold on the state in one place, or the national lender leaderboard for who is largest across every market.

Sources: HMDA public loan-level disclosure (CFPB/FFIEC) aggregated to county-year; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey; FEMA National Risk Index and disaster declarations. Figures are as loaded — see data attribution.

Fair-lending context: denial rates and demographic figures shown here are descriptive statistics derived from public HMDA and U.S. Census data. HMDA does not contain the credit, income, or underwriting variables that explain most lending outcomes, so a difference between lenders or areas is a statistical observation about published data — not evidence of, and not a determination of, discrimination or redlining by any institution.