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State markets/Pennsylvania/Centre County

COUNTY MORTGAGE MARKET · FIPS 42027

Centre County, Pennsylvania

Who lends in Centre County, how much, and to whom — built from HMDA public mortgage disclosure data, U.S. Census ACS housing estimates and FEMA's National Risk Index.

Origination volume · 2025

$854.7M

Origination volumeSum of loan amount over HMDA records with action taken = 1.

Originations · 2025

2,650

OriginationsCount of HMDA records with action taken = 1 (loan originated) in the activity year.

Denial rate · 2025

13.6%

Denial rateApplications denied (action taken = 3) divided by applications acted upon (actions 1-5).

Lenders active · 2025

230

Lenders activeDistinct LEIs with at least one application acted upon (HMDA action taken 1-5, 7 or 8) in the county and year.

Market structure

How spread out lending is across the 230 lenders that originated in Centre County in 2025. HHI is the Herfindahl-Hirschman index over lender shares.

Concentration (HHI)

728

unconcentrated

Top-5 lender share

46.9%

of originations

Purchase

63.8%

1,234 loans

Refinance

36.2%

699 loans

Origination trend

Annual mortgage origination volume and loan count in Centre County, 2023–2025. Pick a window, export the graph or its data, or click a year to open every record behind it.

Lenders in Centre County

Sort, filter, add columns, export, or open a row for the lender's card. Each row links to the lender's company page and to its Centre County loan records. The panel states which source answered and exactly which lenders that source covers.

ORIGINATION FLOOR
Hide the long tail of lenders with only a handful of loans here.
FULL RECORD LIST FOR CENTRE COUNTY →

TOP TEN LENDERS IN CENTRE COUNTY · 10

The ten largest lenders by origination volume — the precomputed county leaderboard, not the whole market.

1–10 OF 10 LENDERS

Loading every lender that acted on an application in this county. The rows below are the precomputed county leaderboard — the ten largest by volume, not the whole market.

74$186.0M$186.0M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
221$74.6M$74.6M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
151$50.9M$50.9M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
63$49.3M$49.3M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
127$40.3M$40.3M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
156$35.1M$35.1M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
81$28.3M$28.3M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
154$27.4M$27.4M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
1$25.0M$25.0M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—
184$23.8M$23.8M originated in Centre County, 2025—Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.—

Source: the precomputed county lender leaderboard (lender_county_year) — its ten largest lenders by origination volume, not the county. As of HMDA activity year 2025. Denial rate = denials / decisioned applications (originated + approved-but-not-accepted + denied).

ZIP areas in Centre County

All 35 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas that touch Centre County, built by grouping the county's census tracts through the Census 2020 crosswalk. A ZCTA approximates a USPS ZIP code; HMDA itself reports no postal geography, so each row opens the tracts behind it, where the records are exact.

TRACT FLOOR
Hide the ZIP areas that only clip a corner of this county.
35 OF 35 ZIP AREASEVERY ZIP AREA TOUCHING THE COUNTY — NO ROWS WITHHELD
TOP LENDERRECORDS
1010 of the 15 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.41,58023.7%7,275——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
88 of the 11 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.28,2886.7%9,633——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
77 of the 13 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.20,16836.1%3,788——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
22 of the 3 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.12,56421.2%0——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
33 of the 4 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.10,52219.3%2,524——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
22 of the 2 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.6,4575.4%2,246——TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
11 of the 2 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.5,91313.9%1,837——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Centre County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.5,1025.0%1,696——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 3 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.3,8153.7%1,310——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Centre County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.3,6834.2%1,078——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 5 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.3,5585.6%1,566——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 4 Centre County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.3,5524.2%1,181——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Centre County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.3,37210.0%1,503——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Centre County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.2,7023.2%1,044——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Centre County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.1,9982.5%402——OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 2 tracts of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 2 tracts of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 2 tracts of Centre County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.—————TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.

41 of Centre County’s 41 census tracts are grouped into the ZIP areas above, with none left over. The two add up to the county exactly, because each tract is counted once. A ZCTA — ZIP Code Tabulation Area — is the U.S. Census Bureau's area approximation of a USPS ZIP code, not the ZIP code itself. HMDA reports no postal geography at all, so these rows are census tracts grouped by the Census 2020 tract-to-ZCTA relationship file: each tract is counted once, in the single ZCTA covering the most of its land. Housing figures are HMDA tract attributes for activity year 2025, summed over the tracts each ZIP area owns — a ZIP area that owns no tract shows an em-dash, never a zero.

Census tracts in Centre County

All 41 tracts, with the FFIEC income character and HMDA housing attributes of each. Open a tract for its own lender ranking, or open its records directly.

41 OF 41 TRACTSEVERY TRACT IN THE COUNTY — NO ROWS WITHHELD
TOP LENDERRECORDS
Middle86.0%3,8153.7%OPEN →
Moderate73.4%2,7023.2%OPEN →
Moderate73.0%3,1708.3%OPEN →
Middle86.8%3,2872.6%OPEN →
Middle86.5%5,1025.0%OPEN →
Moderate74.4%3,8544.9%OPEN →
Middle91.3%5,7784.0%OPEN →
Moderate71.3%1,9982.5%OPEN →
Middle80.9%3,6834.2%OPEN →
Middle92.3%3,5585.6%OPEN →
Moderate71.2%3,5524.2%OPEN →
Middle110.9%2,7836.1%OPEN →
Middle97.0%5,1968.6%OPEN →
Middle99.9%3,4668.5%OPEN →
Moderate67.6%2,63910.6%OPEN →
Middle101.1%4,5726.0%OPEN →
—0.0%——OPEN →
—0.0%2,45155.0%OPEN →
Moderate78.2%2,08539.1%OPEN →
Middle91.2%4,60828.2%OPEN →
Middle96.1%4,41027.4%OPEN →
Upper140.5%3,12416.0%OPEN →
Middle108.8%3,00921.2%OPEN →
Moderate77.7%3,32540.5%OPEN →
Upper121.8%4,48042.2%OPEN →
Middle105.8%4,65820.5%OPEN →
Upper134.0%6,10417.2%OPEN →
Upper128.1%5,91313.9%OPEN →
Upper138.2%2,7908.4%OPEN →
Upper172.8%1,65024.1%OPEN →
Middle119.4%3,37210.0%OPEN →
Upper152.7%2,14531.8%OPEN →
Middle84.6%5,87521.4%OPEN →
—0.0%7,31719.4%OPEN →
Low26.8%5,24723.8%OPEN →
Upper207.5%1,76715.5%OPEN →
Upper208.8%4,86925.8%OPEN →
—0.0%4,22722.4%OPEN →
Middle87.1%2,99923.1%OPEN →
Middle119.0%2,98318.4%OPEN →
Middle84.6%4,71138.9%OPEN →

Source: FFIEC census-tract file (income level, MSA, urban/rural) and HMDA tract attributes (population, minority share, housing units), latest loaded activity year. The whole county is listed — the table is filtered and paged in the browser over the complete set, never a server-side slice of it.

Housing & households

U.S. Census American Community Survey 2024 estimates — the demand side behind the lending figures above.

Population

158,576

Median household income

$74,291

Median home value

$323,500

Median gross rent

$1,207

per month

Owner-occupied

61.8%

of occupied units

Housing units

66,475

11.2% vacant

Poverty rate

16.3%

Unemployment

4.3%

Natural-hazard exposure

FEMA National Risk Index ratings for this county — expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience, plus the individual perils rated Relatively High or above.

Overall risk

Relatively Low

score 68.0

Social vulnerability

Relatively Moderate

Community resilience

Relatively High

ELEVATED PERILS

Winter weather Relatively High

Federal disaster history

Months in which a FEMA disaster declaration was active in this county, from the declarations series.

Months with an active declaration

63

Declarations recorded

15

Incident types on record: Biological, Flood, Hurricane, Severe Storm, Snowstorm.

Everything we hold on Centre County

12 data areas have rows for this county. Each one is one click away below; the 18 we checked and did not find at county grain are named at the end with the reason.

LOAN-LEVEL

The individual HMDA application and origination records behind every figure on this page, pre-filtered to Centre County.

HMDA loan-level (hmda_loan_wide, county_code)

Open the loan explorer for Centre County →Every reported application and origination in FIPS 42027, filterable on rate, amount, income, purpose and action taken. Loan-level tier.

VA

VA-guaranteed lending in Centre County by fiscal year — the veteran channel, which HMDA counts but does not separate from the rest of the government book at this grain.

VA Loan Guaranty geographic loan volume (va_geo_loan_volume, county_fips), folded to fiscal year

VA loans · FY2026

92

—

Purchase share

52.2%

48 loans

IRRRL refinances

28

Cash-out refinances

16

202692—482816
2025102—652413
202476—58711
202373—55018
2022——1012550
2021309—8318937
2020276—8114847
2019158—881852
2018152—911447
2017170—904139
2016184—905044
2015174—904242

The most recent fiscal year is partial until VA closes it. This file carries no lender key, so VA volume cannot be attributed to a company.

BUILDING PERMITS

New residential units authorised in Centre County — the supply-side leading indicator that runs ahead of purchase originations.

Census Building Permits Survey county series (census_building_permits, geo_id at geo_level 'county')

HOUSING SUPPLY · CENSUS BUILDING PERMITS

Centre County building permits

New privately-owned housing units authorized by building permits — the supply-side leading indicator that runs ahead of housing starts and the purchase-origination pipeline. Single-family (SF, 1-unit) vs. multifamily (MF, 2+ units), by year.

Single-family · 2025

255

−12.1% vs 2024

Multifamily · 2025

59

−23.4% vs 2024

Total authorized · 2025

314

−14.4% vs 2024

Permit valuation · 2025

$96.1M

authorized construction value

Units authorized by year

Centre County · total permitted units · hover for the single-family split

UNITS · SF IN TOOLTIP
05001K1.5K2K1990199219941996199820002002200420062008201020122014201620182020202220242025314 units

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (BPS), imputed totals (the published “units authorized” headline). SF = 1-unit; MF = 2+ units. Public no-login Census data. Attribution.

MIGRATION & WEALTH

IRS county-to-county migration flows for Centre County, showing population movement and wealth transfer.

IRS county-to-county migration flows (irs_county_migration, self_geoid)

outflow2223Other flows - South, DS7421,108$58.2M
inflow2223Other flows - South, DS6521,012$45.1M
outflow2223Other flows - Northeast, DS375497$20.8M
inflow2223Other flows - Northeast, DS352515$27.9M
outflow2223Other flows - Midwest, DS322495$22.4M
outflow2223Other flows - West, DS312453$22.9M
inflow2223Other flows - West, DS296429$23.8M
inflow2223Other flows - Midwest, DS278393$19.2M
inflow2223Clearfield County, PA183289$8.2M
outflow2223Clearfield County, PA181309$8.8M
outflow2223Blair County, PA138202$7.4M
inflow2223Clinton County, PA134209$7.1M
outflow2223Allegheny County, PA126161$6.8M
outflow2223Clinton County, PA113181$5.2M
outflow2223Philadelphia County, PA109133$6.1M
inflow2223Blair County, PA106164$4.6M
outflow2223Foreign - Other flows, FR88125$5.0M
inflow2223Allegheny County, PA88118$7.1M
outflow2223Mifflin County, PA79128$4.5M
inflow2223Huntingdon County, PA66117$4.6M
outflow2223Huntingdon County, PA64111$4.9M
outflow2223Lancaster County, PA6484$3.3M
inflow2223Philadelphia County, PA6381$2.1M
inflow2223Mifflin County, PA5577$2.5M
outflow2223Montgomery County, PA5466$2.9M
inflow2223Lycoming County, PA5170$2.1M
outflow2223Santa Clara County, CA4959$4.9M
outflow2223Cumberland County, PA4970$2.8M
inflow2223Foreign - Other flows, FR4868$2.1M
inflow2223Dauphin County, PA4655$2.1M
outflow2223Dauphin County, PA4659$2.0M
outflow2223New York County, NY4649$5.1M
outflow2223Middlesex County, MA4353$2.4M
inflow2223Lancaster County, PA4355$2.2M
outflow2223Lycoming County, PA4158$2.0M
inflow2223Cumberland County, PA3955$2.6M
inflow2223Chester County, PA3950$2.8M
outflow2223District of Columbia, DC3942$2.8M
inflow2223Montgomery County, PA3955$2.1M
outflow2223Fairfax County, VA3649$1.6M
outflow2223San Diego County, CA3543$2.2M
outflow2223Chester County, PA3545$3.2M
outflow2223Los Angeles County, CA3439$2.6M
outflow2223Suffolk County, MA3336$1.6M
outflow2223King County, WA3237$3.5M
outflow2223Montgomery County, MD3242$2.7M
inflow2223Luzerne County, PA3038$1.3M
inflow2223York County, PA3050$1.3M
outflow2223Cook County, IL3040$1.6M
inflow2223Bucks County, PA3043$2.6M
outflow2223York County, PA2936$1.5M
outflow2223Harris County, TX2940$1.7M
outflow2223Bucks County, PA2627$1.2M
outflow2223Franklin County, OH2632$1.8M
inflow2223Northampton County, PA2532$1.1M
inflow2223Westmoreland County, PA2529$1.4M
outflow2223Travis County, TX2530$1.3M
outflow2223Maricopa County, AZ2536$1.7M
inflow2223Lehigh County, PA2536$1.5M
inflow2223Cambria County, PA2433$1.4M
inflow2223Fairfax County, VA2434$1.9M
inflow2223Berks County, PA2328$939K
outflow2223Union County, PA2334$716K
inflow2223Union County, PA2332$1.1M
inflow2223Delaware County, PA2336$871K
outflow2223Anne Arundel County, MD2228$2.1M
inflow2223District of Columbia, DC2224$1.7M
inflow2223Lackawanna County, PA2231$998K
outflow2223Wake County, NC2231$1.8M
outflow2223Hudson County, NJ2130$2.6M
inflow2223Middlesex County, MA2128$1.4M
outflow2223Delaware County, PA2128$1.2M
inflow2223New York County, NY2023$2.1M
outflow2223Mecklenburg County, NC2022$847K
outflow2223Erie County, PA2025$867K
outflow2223Arlington County, VA2024$1.3M
outflow2223New Castle County, DE2027$1.3M
inflow2223New Castle County, DE2024$1.1M
outflow2122Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow2122Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow2122Other flows - South, DS7611,206$55.1M
inflow2122Other flows - South, DS6531,018$56.0M
inflow2122Other flows - Northeast, DS342532$25.2M
outflow2122Other flows - Northeast, DS336465$20.2M
outflow2122Other flows - West, DS305458$20.3M
inflow2122Other flows - West, DS283451$22.5M
inflow2122Other flows - Midwest, DS259376$19.1M
outflow2122Other flows - Midwest, DS237368$17.4M
outflow2122Clearfield County, PA196310$8.9M
inflow2122Clearfield County, PA176300$9.3M
outflow2122Clinton County, PA140221$6.2M
outflow2122Philadelphia County, PA117147$4.9M
inflow2122Clinton County, PA115194$5.2M
outflow2122Allegheny County, PA112142$5.5M
outflow2122Blair County, PA109160$5.3M
inflow2122Blair County, PA108163$5.4M
inflow2122Allegheny County, PA79105$4.6M
inflow2122Philadelphia County, PA7398$5.8M
outflow2122Santa Clara County, CA6572$4.9M
inflow2122Huntingdon County, PA64110$5.0M
outflow2122Mifflin County, PA63114$4.6M
outflow2122Dauphin County, PA5269$2.8M
outflow2122Huntingdon County, PA5072$2.6M
outflow2122Lycoming County, PA4972$2.2M
outflow2122Montgomery County, PA4961$2.2M
outflow2122King County, WA4859$4.1M
inflow2122Montgomery County, PA4760$2.8M
outflow2122New York County, NY4760$4.4M
outflow2122Montgomery County, MD4665$3.2M
inflow2122Mifflin County, PA4665$2.8M
inflow2122York County, PA4574$2.7M
inflow2122Lycoming County, PA4368$2.8M
outflow2122Cumberland County, PA4363$2.2M
outflow2122Fairfax County, VA4259$2.9M
inflow2122Dauphin County, PA4263$3.4M
outflow2122Lancaster County, PA4164$4.2M
inflow2122Lancaster County, PA4171$1.7M
outflow2122Chester County, PA3961$3.7M
outflow2122Middlesex County, MA3748$1.9M
outflow2122Cook County, IL3650$2.5M
inflow2122Los Angeles County, CA3550$2.3M
inflow2122Luzerne County, PA3452$1.2M
outflow2122Los Angeles County, CA3235$1.5M
outflow2122Maricopa County, AZ3245$1.5M
outflow2122York County, PA3144$1.9M
inflow2122Cumberland County, PA3139$2.1M
outflow2122Delaware County, PA3147$2.6M
inflow2122Cambria County, PA3164$2.2M
inflow2122Kings County, NY2943$1.6M
outflow2122Hudson County, NJ2832$1.5M
outflow2122Kings County, NY2733$1.6M
outflow2122Suffolk County, MA2728$1.3M
outflow2122Harris County, TX2743$3.6M
inflow2122Bucks County, PA2737$2.2M
outflow2122Berks County, PA2731$1.2M
inflow2122Chester County, PA2642$2.8M
outflow2122Arlington County, VA2629$1.3M
outflow2122Bucks County, PA2531$1.3M
outflow2122Wake County, NC2441$1.7M
inflow2122Westmoreland County, PA2435$1.6M
outflow2122San Diego County, CA2429$1.1M
outflow2122District of Columbia, DC2429$1.7M
outflow2122Travis County, TX2231$855K
inflow2122Harris County, TX2227$1.6M
inflow2122Montgomery County, MD2132$1.6M
inflow2122Maricopa County, AZ2138$1.5M
inflow2122Berks County, PA2128$1.2M
outflow2122Franklin County, OH2024$901K
inflow2122Cook County, IL2025$1.0M
inflow2122Erie County, PA2026$758K
inflow2122Fairfax County, VA2040$2.1M
outflow2122Washtenaw County, MI2025$933K
outflow2021Foreign - Other flows, FR———
inflow2021Foreign - Other flows, FR———
outflow2021Other flows - South, DS8081,230$50.7M
inflow2021Other flows - South, DS6561,050$44.2M
inflow2021Other flows - Northeast, DS331505$30.2M
outflow2021Other flows - Northeast, DS311461$18.2M
inflow2021Other flows - Midwest, DS307505$20.6M
inflow2021Other flows - West, DS280442$17.4M
outflow2021Other flows - Midwest, DS276385$14.4M
outflow2021Other flows - West, DS276422$17.1M
outflow2021Clearfield County, PA238394$10.4M
inflow2021Clearfield County, PA183297$11.6M
outflow2021Clinton County, PA165248$7.1M
inflow2021Blair County, PA126204$7.4M
inflow2021Clinton County, PA125226$7.3M
outflow2021Allegheny County, PA104140$5.3M
outflow2021Blair County, PA101157$4.1M
outflow2021Philadelphia County, PA8190$2.4M
inflow2021Philadelphia County, PA77101$3.2M
outflow2021Mifflin County, PA76115$3.5M
outflow2021Huntingdon County, PA73121$3.5M
inflow2021Allegheny County, PA70102$4.2M
outflow2021Dauphin County, PA5875$2.2M
inflow2021Huntingdon County, PA5693$3.5M
outflow2021Montgomery County, MD5259$2.3M
inflow2021Mifflin County, PA5284$2.6M
outflow2021Montgomery County, PA5061$2.3M
inflow2021Dauphin County, PA5062$2.0M
inflow2021Montgomery County, PA4665$2.6M
outflow2021Lancaster County, PA4463$2.7M
outflow2021Santa Clara County, CA4253$3.1M
outflow2021Cumberland County, PA4280$2.6M
inflow2021Lancaster County, PA4159$3.2M
inflow2021Lycoming County, PA3555$2.1M
outflow2021Chester County, PA3541$1.8M
outflow2021Middlesex County, MA3541$1.9M
inflow2021Cambria County, PA3547$1.7M
inflow2021York County, PA3556$2.1M
inflow2021New York County, NY3541$3.2M
outflow2021Lycoming County, PA3455$1.6M
inflow2021Kings County, NY3346$2.5M
outflow2021New York County, NY3142$2.2M
outflow2021Los Angeles County, CA3136$1.5M
inflow2021Los Angeles County, CA2938$1.8M
outflow2021Cambria County, PA2840$977K
outflow2021York County, PA2745$1.5M
inflow2021Cumberland County, PA2734$1.5M
outflow2021Cook County, IL2637$1.5M

UAD APPRAISALS

FHFA Uniform Appraisal Dataset aggregates for Centre County.

FHFA UAD aggregate statistics (uad_aggregate_county, geoid) and appraisal-level public use file (uad_puf, county_fips)

2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals644.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2023RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals166.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2023BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals810.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2023RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals351,500.0
2023BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals360,000.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals362,500.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2022BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals349,000.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals358,000.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2022RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals315.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2022RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals325,000.0
2022BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,152.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals837.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2021RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals325,000.0
2021BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,887.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals986.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2021RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals901.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2021BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals320,000.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals315,000.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2020BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,978.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals878.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2020BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals320,000.0
2020RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals340,500.0
2020RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,100.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals300,000.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2019BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals302,700.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals918.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2019RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals317,900.0
2019BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,492.0
2019RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals574.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals295,000.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2018RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals268,000.0
2018BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,120.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals805.0
2018RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals315.0
2018BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals270,800.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals271,000.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2017RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals257,700.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2017BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,282.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals799.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals275,000.0
2017RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals483.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2017BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals269,800.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals767.0
2016RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals273,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals260,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2016BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals268,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2016BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,490.0
2016RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals723.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.1
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals250,000.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2015RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals255,000.0
2015BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,416.0
2015RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals692.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.8
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals724.0
2015BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals252,500.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2014BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals241,200.0

ECONOMY & INCOME

Local economy indicators — BLS unemployment rates and BEA personal income for Centre County.

BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (bls_laus_county_month, geoid) and BEA personal income (bea_county_income, geo_fips)

BLS Local Area Unemployment

2026-0580,92378,3242,5993.2%
2026-0479,97077,7272,2432.8%
2026-0379,69977,1712,5283.2%
2026-0278,89176,3492,5423.2%
2026-0176,99474,6552,3393.0%
2025-1278,74776,6232,1242.7%
2025-1179,44477,1992,2452.8%
2025-0977,02074,4322,5883.4%
2025-0873,64470,3613,2834.5%
2025-0772,70369,7872,9164.0%
2025-0672,02269,3512,6713.7%
2025-0577,42875,0602,3683.1%
2025-0477,70075,7141,9862.6%
2025-0377,46874,7722,6963.5%
2025-0276,62574,0922,5333.3%
2025-0173,95271,3962,5563.5%
2024-1275,88173,8042,0772.7%
2024-1177,02274,9072,1152.7%
2024-1077,14674,9382,2082.9%
2024-0975,99374,0731,9202.5%
2024-0873,94570,9213,0244.1%
2024-0772,83270,1662,6663.7%
2024-0672,34969,6642,6853.7%
2024-0577,77875,6162,1622.8%
2024-0477,87676,1401,7362.2%
2024-0378,54276,1112,4313.1%
2024-0278,47476,1442,3303.0%
2024-0176,32274,0032,3193.0%
2023-1277,65375,6052,0482.6%
2023-1179,13577,2991,8362.3%
2023-1078,81676,7412,0752.6%
2023-0978,12376,2011,9222.5%
2023-0877,35374,5602,7933.6%
2023-0774,12071,7212,3993.2%
2023-0674,06171,4102,6513.6%
2023-0572,53970,3912,1483.0%
2023-0478,54376,7631,7802.3%
2023-0377,91875,6912,2272.9%
2023-0277,92275,3702,5523.3%
2023-0176,02173,3722,6493.5%
2022-1276,30074,1012,1992.9%
2022-1176,92274,7912,1312.8%
2022-1077,39075,1192,2712.9%
2022-0976,60274,3612,2412.9%
2022-0874,82271,6653,1574.2%
2022-0772,99369,9763,0174.1%
2022-0672,54769,3583,1894.4%
2022-0575,78673,2532,5333.3%
2022-0475,29173,0712,2202.9%
2022-0375,54372,9292,6143.5%
2022-0275,23772,5962,6413.5%
2022-0173,70770,9042,8033.8%
2021-1274,53472,3152,2193.0%
2021-1175,31573,0672,2483.0%
2021-1075,60072,8772,7233.6%
2021-0974,69471,9962,6983.6%
2021-0873,62069,8933,7275.1%
2021-0772,46768,5703,8975.4%
2021-0671,61667,7473,8695.4%
2021-0574,10270,8883,2144.3%
2021-0473,72470,6403,0844.2%
2021-0373,91470,6073,3074.5%
2021-0273,22969,4683,7615.1%
2021-0170,97166,8394,1325.8%
2020-1273,74369,7244,0195.5%
2020-1174,21970,8223,3974.6%
2020-1075,02171,6173,4044.5%
2020-0974,56670,8013,7655.0%
2020-0873,42569,2984,1275.6%
2020-0772,56867,0695,4997.6%
2020-0671,84866,2445,6047.8%
2020-0575,11168,9236,1888.2%
2020-0472,88765,6157,27210.0%
2020-0377,03674,0123,0243.9%
2020-0278,78576,0252,7603.5%
2020-0178,60275,8242,7783.5%
2019-1278,34475,8602,4843.2%
2019-1179,20576,8792,3262.9%
2019-1079,94477,4572,4873.1%
2019-0978,49776,1032,3943.0%
2019-0877,18774,5382,6493.4%
2019-0774,78071,6913,0894.1%
2019-0673,86471,2002,6643.6%
2019-0578,52575,9622,5633.3%
2019-0478,86976,7192,1502.7%
2019-0379,16176,6262,5353.2%
2019-0278,74875,9562,7923.5%
2019-0176,96574,1432,8223.7%
2018-1277,93675,5272,4093.1%
2018-1179,35077,1992,1512.7%
2018-1079,91877,5782,3402.9%
2018-0978,97876,6122,3663.0%
2018-0877,28574,5732,7123.5%
2018-0774,67471,6573,0174.0%
2018-0673,65570,7352,9204.0%
2018-0578,11475,6742,4403.1%
2018-0478,11175,7552,3563.0%
2018-0378,07675,5352,5413.3%
2018-0277,99074,9093,0814.0%
2018-0175,43272,4582,9743.9%

BEA Personal Income

2024$9.44B159,805$59K
2023$9.04B159,087$57K
2022$8.62B157,992$55K
2021$8.68B158,008$55K
2020$8.20B157,987$52K
2019$7.65B158,783$48K
2018$7.39B159,940$46K
2017$7.19B159,952$45K
2016$6.88B160,049$43K
2015$6.61B158,761$42K
2014$6.54B158,276$41K
2013$6.26B157,178$40K
2012$6.01B155,099$39K
2011$5.82B154,660$38K
2010$5.52B154,153$36K
2009$5.23B153,052$34K
2008$5.18B151,645$34K
2007$4.88B149,498$33K
2006$4.68B148,734$31K
2005$4.53B145,543$31K
2004$4.28B144,238$30K
2003$4.00B142,926$28K
2002$3.83B140,821$27K
2001$3.65B137,620$27K
2000$3.45B135,965$25K
1999$3.29B135,315$24K
1998$3.13B134,657$23K
1997$2.97B134,849$22K
1996$2.81B134,102$21K
1995$2.65B131,951$20K
1994$2.53B130,847$19K
1993$2.40B129,930$18K
1992$2.32B127,881$18K
1991——$17K

NFIP FLOOD CLAIMS

FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) realised flood loss claims in Centre County.

FEMA NFIP redacted claims (nfip_claim, county_code)

2024-08-30$7K$7K$140.51Yes
2024-08-09$536.96$536.96$0Yes
2021-09-23$11K$11K$0Yes
2020-02-06$0——Yes
2018-11-15$0——Yes
2018-10-31$5K$5K$0Yes
2018-09-18$2K$2K$0Yes
2018-09-13$23K$23K$0Yes
2018-09-10$11K$9K$3KYes
2018-09-10$25K$25K$0Yes
2018-09-10$45K$45K$0Yes
2018-09-10$0——Yes
2018-09-10$13K$12K$245.8Yes
2018-09-10$0——Yes
2018-09-10$0——Yes
2018-08-15$0——Yes
2018-08-03$7K$7K$0Yes
2018-08-03$26K$25K$685.09Yes
2018-08-03$0——Yes
2018-07-29$1K$1K$0Yes
2018-02-24$14K$13K$371.78Yes
2017-05-29$2K$2K$0Yes
2016-10-21$14K$14K$0Yes
2016-10-21$4K$1K$3KYes
2016-10-21$0——Yes
2016-10-21$10K$9K$1KNo
2016-10-21$12K$8K$3KYes
2016-10-21$2K$2K$0No
2016-10-21$5K$5K$0Yes
2016-10-21$10K$10K$0Yes
2016-10-21$16K$16K$0Yes
2016-10-20$41K$41K$0No
2016-10-20$16K$16K$0Yes
2016-10-20$8K$8K$0Yes
2016-10-20$3K$3K$0Yes
2016-10-20$7K$7K$0Yes
2016-10-20$1K$1K$0Yes
2016-10-20$0——Yes
2014-08-06$0——No
2014-06-25$18K$18K$0Yes
2014-05-16$2K$2K$0Yes
2014-02-20$1K$1K$0Yes
2013-06-27$13K$13K$0No
2013-06-27$3K$3K$695.5Yes
2013-06-27$1K$1K$0Yes
2012-05-26$123.09$123.09$0Yes
2011-09-08$23K$16K$7KNo
2011-08-15$0——Yes
2011-06-11$0——Yes
2011-03-11$2K$2K$0Yes
2011-03-11$2K$2K$0Yes
2010-12-01$0——Yes
2010-12-01$7K$7K$0Yes
2010-12-01$0——Yes
2010-12-01$0——Yes
2010-12-01$8K$8K$0Yes
2010-12-01$8K$8K$0Yes
2010-12-01$2K$2K$0Yes
2010-01-25$0——Yes
2009-12-16$0——No
2008-03-05$0——Yes
2008-03-05$742.86$742.86$0Yes
2008-03-05$2K$172$2KYes
2008-03-04$13K$13K$79.1Yes
2005-08-26$3K$3K$0Yes
2005-03-30$0——No
2004-10-29$30K$15K$0No
2004-09-18$58K$58K$0Yes
2004-09-18$4K$4K$0No
2004-09-18$10K$10K$0Yes
2004-09-18$9K$8K$1KYes
2004-09-18$5K$5K$0No
2004-09-18$16K$16K$0No
2004-09-18$19K$19K$0Yes
2004-09-18$11K$10K$1KYes
2004-09-18$2K$2K$0Yes
2004-09-18$14K$14K$0No
2004-09-18$56K$49K$7KNo
2004-09-18$9K$9K$0Yes
2004-09-18$6K$6K$0Yes
2004-09-18$16K$12K$5KYes
2004-09-18$10K$8K$2KNo
2004-09-18$15K$15K$0Yes
2004-09-18$7K$7K$0Yes
2004-09-18$4K$4K$0Yes
2004-09-18$92.7$92.7$0Yes
2004-09-18$26K$26K$0No
2004-09-18$2K$2K$0Yes
2004-09-18$24K$24K$0Yes
2004-09-18$11K$9K$2KYes
2004-09-18$8K$8K$0Yes
2004-09-18$2K$2K$0No
2004-09-18$26K$24K$2KNo
2004-09-18$95K$73K$22KYes
2004-09-18$37K$24K$13KYes
2004-09-18$889.91$889.91$0Yes
2004-09-18$743.95$743.95$0No
2004-09-18$12K$12K$0No
2004-09-18$11K$11K$0Yes
2004-09-18$11K$11K$0Yes

ALSO CHECKED

18 more data areas were checked for Centre County and did not earn a tab. A missing tab and an unasked question look the same on screen, so each one is named with the reason it is missing.

  • WRONG GRAIN
    FHA

    FHA Neighborhood Watch DOES publish county rows, but keys them on a free-text county NAME (“CHITTENDEN|VT”), not a FIPS code, and the single-family endorsement snapshot's property_county is likewise free text. Joining either to a county FIPS by name would attribute one county's delinquency to another wherever a name repeats, so FHA is a state-grain tab only until a curated name→FIPS crosswalk exists

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Fannie / Freddie

    the FHFA public-use database publishes single-family acquisitions at STATE and CENSUS-TRACT grain; no county rollup is published or loaded, and rolling tracts up to counties would double-count the tracts that straddle a county line

  • WRONG GRAIN
    GSE credit-risk transfer

    CAS and STACR loan-level disclosures publish PROPERTY STATE and a 3-digit zip; neither carries a county code, so credit-risk-transfer collateral cannot be attributed to a county

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Ginnie Mae

    Ginnie Mae's loan-level disclosure publishes PROPERTY STATE and nothing finer — there is no county, ZIP or tract field in the file, so agency-pool collateral has no county grain at all. The same is true of the UMBS pool file (fhfa_mbs_pool), which carries only CA/NY/FL/TX/PR concentration percentages

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Housing finance agency

    a housing finance agency is a STATE-chartered body — county is not a grain it has. Its programmes reach counties, but the agency itself is one row per state: hfa_agency is keyed on state_code and carries no county column, and there is no county-level agency underneath it to aggregate from

  • WRONG GRAIN
    CUSO network

    the NCUA CUSO Registry publishes a CUSO's city and STATE and no county at all (cuso_registry, migration 0195). A county FIPS does exist on the member-credit-union side (cuso_credit_union_link.cu_county_fips), but it is the CREDIT UNION'S CHARTER ADDRESS — where the institution is registered, not where the mortgage service it buys is delivered — so a county tab built on it would pin a statewide, often multi-state, service relationship onto the one county a charter document happens to name

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Subservicing map

    the same absence, one grain finer: subservicing_relationships holds no property or collateral column at all, so there is nothing to aggregate to a county. Where a client is a state HFA, the state housing finance agency area on this hub carries that agency and its named master servicer at its own state grain

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Co-issue MSR

    the same absence, and worse at county grain: Ginnie's loan-level disclosure publishes property STATE and nothing finer — no county, ZIP or tract field exists in the file — so even the collateral split that is rejected above at state grain is not available here at all

  • WRONG GRAIN
    MSR transfer graph

    the same absence at a finer grain, with no additional route to one: ginnie_servicing_transfers has no county column and the Ginnie loan-level disclosure it would have to be joined to publishes property state and nothing finer — no county, ZIP or tract field exists in either file

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Builder & realtor JV

    the same absence, one grain finer: the affiliation corpus has no geographic column at all, so nothing can be aggregated to a county. The affiliate lender's actual county-level originations are on the HMDA area of the county hub, keyed on the lender rather than on its parent

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Non-QM deal calendar

    the same structural gap, one grain finer: a 144A non-QM deal publishes no asset-level file at all, so there is no loan, no property and therefore no county to attribute anything to. This is the one absence on this hub that no future load can close

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Agency-MBS demand

    the same absence, and Ginnie's disclosure has no county field at any grain, so even the collateral allocation that is rejected above at state grain cannot be computed here

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Complaints-rate stack

    the same broken denominator, plus a numerator that does not reach county either: the CFPB publishes a complaint's state and a partially redacted ZIP and no county, so neither half of this ratio exists at county grain

  • WRONG GRAIN
    NMLS licensing

    NMLS licences are issued by a STATE regulator and the industry report is published by state agency and quarter; there is no county in the licensing system to aggregate to

  • WRONG GRAIN
    CFPB complaints

    the CFPB publishes a complaint's STATE and a partially redacted ZIP; it publishes no county, and deriving one from a redacted ZIP would put complaints in the wrong county wherever a ZIP straddles a county line

  • WRONG GRAIN
    State enforcement

    enforcement orders are issued by a STATE regulator against a licensee; they carry no property or county

  • WRONG GRAIN
    WARN notices

    a WARN notice names an employer, a CITY and a region — no county code — and matching city to county by name is ambiguous in most states

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Mortgage employment

    the QCEW extract loaded here holds STATE and METRO area types only — the county-level QCEW file is a separate, far larger download that is not loaded, so county mortgage employment cannot be shown honestly

Several of the areas above are published only at state grain. They are all on the PA state hub, which carries the same registry at the grain those sources actually have.

Go deeper

EVERY HMDA RECORD IN CENTRE COUNTY →Opens the loan explorer already filtered to county FIPS 42027.

See the Pennsylvania state market profile for the statewide picture, the Pennsylvania state hub for every dataset we hold on the state in one place, or the national lender leaderboard for who is largest across every market.

Sources: HMDA public loan-level disclosure (CFPB/FFIEC) aggregated to county-year; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey; FEMA National Risk Index and disaster declarations. Figures are as loaded — see data attribution.

Fair-lending context: denial rates and demographic figures shown here are descriptive statistics derived from public HMDA and U.S. Census data. HMDA does not contain the credit, income, or underwriting variables that explain most lending outcomes, so a difference between lenders or areas is a statistical observation about published data — not evidence of, and not a determination of, discrimination or redlining by any institution.