Skip to main content
MortRadarTERMINAL
State markets/Oregon/Marion County

COUNTY MORTGAGE MARKET · FIPS 41047

Marion County, Oregon

Who lends in Marion County, how much, and to whom — built from HMDA public mortgage disclosure data, U.S. Census ACS housing estimates and FEMA's National Risk Index.

Origination volume · 2025

$2.15B

Origination volumeSum of loan amount over HMDA records with action taken = 1.

Originations · 2025

6,795

OriginationsCount of HMDA records with action taken = 1 (loan originated) in the activity year.

Denial rate · 2025

15.9%

Denial rateApplications denied (action taken = 3) divided by applications acted upon (actions 1-5).

Lenders active · 2025

347

Lenders activeDistinct LEIs with at least one application acted upon (HMDA action taken 1-5, 7 or 8) in the county and year.

Market structure

How spread out lending is across the 347 lenders that originated in Marion County in 2025. HHI is the Herfindahl-Hirschman index over lender shares.

Concentration (HHI)

209

unconcentrated

Top-5 lender share

23.9%

of originations

Purchase

63.0%

3,212 loans

Refinance

37.0%

1,886 loans

Origination trend

Annual mortgage origination volume and loan count in Marion County, 2023–2025. Pick a window, export the graph or its data, or click a year to open every record behind it.

Lenders in Marion County

Sort, filter, add columns, export, or open a row for the lender's card. Each row links to the lender's company page and to its Marion County loan records. The panel states which source answered and exactly which lenders that source covers.

ORIGINATION FLOOR
Hide the long tail of lenders with only a handful of loans here.
FULL RECORD LIST FOR MARION COUNTY

TOP TEN LENDERS IN MARION COUNTY · 10

The ten largest lenders by origination volume — the precomputed county leaderboard, not the whole market.

1–10 OF 10 LENDERS

Loading every lender that acted on an application in this county. The rows below are the precomputed county leaderboard — the ten largest by volume, not the whole market.

316$119.7M$119.7M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
450$118.5M$118.5M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
359$117.9M$117.9M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
535$95.2M$95.2M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
294$64.3M$64.3M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
157$62.9M$62.9M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
157$62.9M$62.9M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
23$56.1M$56.1M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
154$51.6M$51.6M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.
122$50.4M$50.4M originated in Marion County, 2025Share needs a county-wide denominator, which the narrower fallback source does not carry.

Source: the precomputed county lender leaderboard (lender_county_year) — its ten largest lenders by origination volume, not the county. As of HMDA activity year 2025. Denial rate = denials / decisioned applications (originated + approved-but-not-accepted + denied).

ZIP areas in Marion County

All 28 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas that touch Marion County, built by grouping the county's census tracts through the Census 2020 crosswalk. A ZCTA approximates a USPS ZIP code; HMDA itself reports no postal geography, so each row opens the tracts behind it, where the records are exact.

TRACT FLOOR
Hide the ZIP areas that only clip a corner of this county.
28 OF 28 ZIP AREASEVERY ZIP AREA TOUCHING THE COUNTY — NO ROWS WITHHELD
TOP LENDERRECORDS
1111 of the 15 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.55,23347.3%7,764TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
1010 of the 12 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.44,97626.0%10,976TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
77 of the 13 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.41,74656.9%7,490TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
77 of the 9 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.38,22732.6%8,394TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
66 of the 10 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.36,03138.5%7,620TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
55 of the 10 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.29,55024.9%7,237TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
55 of the 10 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.27,71365.4%5,857TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
44 of the 6 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.19,13618.3%4,659TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
22 of the 3 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.15,89921.3%3,942TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
22 of the 3 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.10,69035.7%3,013TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
11 of the 2 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.6,43422.5%1,511OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 3 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.6,17120.7%1,509OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Marion County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.4,97534.4%1,151OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 4 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.4,97258.1%904OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 1 Marion County tract this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.2,66114.5%891OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
11 of the 2 Marion County tracts this ZIP area touches sit mostly inside it.1,50631.4%272OPEN →This ZIP area is one census tract here, so its records open directly and exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 4 tracts of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 3 tracts of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 4 tracts of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 1 tract of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.
0This ZIP area clips 4 tracts of Marion County but is the dominant ZIP for none of them, so it owns no figures here.TRACTS →HMDA reports no ZIP. This opens the ZIP area's tract list, where each tract's records open exactly.

65 of Marion County’s 65 census tracts are grouped into the ZIP areas above, with none left over. The two add up to the county exactly, because each tract is counted once. A ZCTA — ZIP Code Tabulation Area — is the U.S. Census Bureau's area approximation of a USPS ZIP code, not the ZIP code itself. HMDA reports no postal geography at all, so these rows are census tracts grouped by the Census 2020 tract-to-ZCTA relationship file: each tract is counted once, in the single ZCTA covering the most of its land. Housing figures are HMDA tract attributes for activity year 2025, summed over the tracts each ZIP area owns — a ZIP area that owns no tract shows an em-dash, never a zero.

Census tracts in Marion County

All 65 tracts, with the FFIEC income character and HMDA housing attributes of each. Open a tract for its own lender ranking, or open its records directly.

65 OF 65 TRACTSEVERY TRACT IN THE COUNTY — NO ROWS WITHHELD
TOP LENDERRECORDS
Upper164.6%4,59528.3%OPEN →
Moderate78.8%4,99340.2%OPEN →
Moderate60.8%4,80847.9%OPEN →
Moderate69.1%3,87860.2%OPEN →
Low44.0%5,92663.2%OPEN →
Middle89.9%5,26030.1%OPEN →
Moderate55.3%5,45741.1%OPEN →
Low39.8%2,46054.8%OPEN →
Middle87.5%5,58437.0%OPEN →
Moderate66.2%4,42544.1%OPEN →
Middle104.0%5,06026.0%OPEN →
Middle99.1%3,70024.6%OPEN →
Upper125.2%4,31021.7%OPEN →
Middle106.5%6,49531.0%OPEN →
Middle94.7%5,96029.9%OPEN →
Middle109.8%4,65825.3%OPEN →
Middle89.0%6,11041.2%OPEN →
Moderate75.1%5,27943.9%OPEN →
Middle94.1%8,10748.7%OPEN →
Middle98.5%7,26952.0%OPEN →
Low35.1%4,87472.7%OPEN →
Middle96.6%5,73867.5%OPEN →
Moderate64.1%4,57768.2%OPEN →
Middle93.5%4,89755.8%OPEN →
Moderate79.9%6,58857.9%OPEN →
Moderate74.8%5,68459.8%OPEN →
Middle105.4%4,67542.2%OPEN →
Moderate59.9%7,07352.5%OPEN →
Middle89.3%9,03352.0%OPEN →
Middle116.5%5,43633.2%OPEN →
Upper135.1%5,47628.0%OPEN →
Middle94.6%5,56625.5%OPEN →
Middle95.4%2,45526.5%OPEN →
Middle98.8%6,42024.9%OPEN →
Middle82.9%2,13619.4%OPEN →
Upper145.0%6,71323.1%OPEN →
Middle106.3%4,38025.8%OPEN →
Middle114.9%8,33426.3%OPEN →
Upper153.2%6,79924.5%OPEN →
Upper161.0%4,28119.1%OPEN →
Middle99.5%6,28443.9%OPEN →
Middle109.7%5,42928.4%OPEN →
Upper149.5%4,29625.5%OPEN →
Upper135.6%2,08418.0%OPEN →
Upper144.9%6,19517.6%OPEN →
Upper152.5%3,61916.2%OPEN →
Middle114.6%4,47121.1%OPEN →
Upper143.0%1,50631.4%OPEN →
Middle109.0%2,71824.9%OPEN →
Middle103.6%7,97239.4%OPEN →
Middle107.6%4,97258.1%OPEN →
Middle80.4%6,89379.3%OPEN →
Middle85.8%4,57670.8%OPEN →
Middle80.4%6,21338.7%OPEN →
Middle100.3%4,26164.3%OPEN →
Low43.8%5,77074.0%OPEN →
Middle104.0%4,97534.4%OPEN →
Middle113.8%6,06714.0%OPEN →
Middle108.7%6,68321.7%OPEN →
Middle106.9%4,30219.3%OPEN →
Middle85.8%2,66114.5%OPEN →
Middle95.5%8,44726.6%OPEN →
Upper135.4%7,45215.3%OPEN →
Upper127.4%6,17120.7%OPEN →
Middle112.3%6,43422.5%OPEN →

Source: FFIEC census-tract file (income level, MSA, urban/rural) and HMDA tract attributes (population, minority share, housing units), latest loaded activity year. The whole county is listed — the table is filtered and paged in the browser over the complete set, never a server-side slice of it.

Housing & households

U.S. Census American Community Survey 2024 estimates — the demand side behind the lending figures above.

Population

349,244

Median household income

$77,351

Median home value

$416,400

Median gross rent

$1,414

per month

Owner-occupied

62.3%

of occupied units

Housing units

132,295

4.1% vacant

Poverty rate

13.0%

Unemployment

5.3%

Natural-hazard exposure

FEMA National Risk Index ratings for this county — expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience, plus the individual perils rated Relatively High or above.

Overall risk

Relatively High

score 95.5

Social vulnerability

Relatively Moderate

Community resilience

Relatively Moderate

ELEVATED PERILS

Earthquake Relatively High · Strong wind Relatively High

Federal disaster history

Months in which a FEMA disaster declaration was active in this county, from the declarations series.

Months with an active declaration

57

Declarations recorded

15

Incident types on record: Biological, Coastal Storm, Earthquake, Fire, Flood, Severe Storm.

Everything we hold on Marion County

12 data areas have rows for this county. Each one is one click away below; the 18 we checked and did not find at county grain are named at the end with the reason.

LOAN-LEVEL

The individual HMDA application and origination records behind every figure on this page, pre-filtered to Marion County.

HMDA loan-level (hmda_loan_wide, county_code)

Open the loan explorer for Marion CountyEvery reported application and origination in FIPS 41047, filterable on rate, amount, income, purpose and action taken. Loan-level tier.

VA

VA-guaranteed lending in Marion County by fiscal year — the veteran channel, which HMDA counts but does not separate from the rest of the government book at this grain.

VA Loan Guaranty geographic loan volume (va_geo_loan_volume, county_fips), folded to fiscal year

VA loans · FY2026

493

Purchase share

40.6%

200 loans

IRRRL refinances

206

Cash-out refinances

87

202649320020687
202545725194112
20243512265174
2023334252478
2022407166329
20212,0574741,239344
20201,8924871,021384
20191,015453171391
201890442792385
20171,161509264388
20161,008474300234
2015878431249198

The most recent fiscal year is partial until VA closes it. This file carries no lender key, so VA volume cannot be attributed to a company.

BUILDING PERMITS

New residential units authorised in Marion County — the supply-side leading indicator that runs ahead of purchase originations.

Census Building Permits Survey county series (census_building_permits, geo_id at geo_level 'county')

HOUSING SUPPLY · CENSUS BUILDING PERMITS

Marion County building permits

New privately-owned housing units authorized by building permits — the supply-side leading indicator that runs ahead of housing starts and the purchase-origination pipeline. Single-family (SF, 1-unit) vs. multifamily (MF, 2+ units), by year.

Single-family · 2025

784

−7.0% vs 2024

Multifamily · 2025

539

−35.8% vs 2024

Total authorized · 2025

1,323

−21.3% vs 2024

Permit valuation · 2025

$336.6M

authorized construction value

Units authorized by year

Marion County · total permitted units · hover for the single-family split

UNITS · SF IN TOOLTIP
01.3K2.5K3.8K5K19901992199419961998200020022004200620082010201220142016201820202022202420251,323 units

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (BPS), imputed totals (the published “units authorized” headline). SF = 1-unit; MF = 2+ units. Public no-login Census data. Attribution.

MIGRATION & WEALTH

IRS county-to-county migration flows for Marion County, showing population movement and wealth transfer.

IRS county-to-county migration flows (irs_county_migration, self_geoid)

inflow2223Polk County, OR1,1591,939$67.5M
outflow2223Polk County, OR1,1462,030$65.5M
inflow2223Other flows - West, DS8411,384$49.5M
outflow2223Other flows - West, DS8081,411$50.7M
inflow2223Clackamas County, OR7911,404$59.4M
outflow2223Other flows - South, DS7331,377$47.6M
outflow2223Clackamas County, OR7041,206$39.1M
inflow2223Washington County, OR6631,079$41.3M
outflow2223Linn County, OR6431,183$36.9M
outflow2223Multnomah County, OR611816$28.3M
outflow2223Washington County, OR565880$30.3M
inflow2223Linn County, OR547955$29.4M
inflow2223Other flows - South, DS532907$29.7M
inflow2223Multnomah County, OR522797$33.3M
outflow2223Other flows - Midwest, DS347640$19.8M
inflow2223Other flows - Midwest, DS327512$17.4M
inflow2223Yamhill County, OR275438$15.3M
inflow2223Lane County, OR261380$12.6M
outflow2223Lane County, OR251390$12.6M
outflow2223Yamhill County, OR244415$14.1M
inflow2223Benton County, OR232335$11.6M
outflow2223Benton County, OR219317$10.5M
outflow2223Deschutes County, OR199282$15.3M
outflow2223Clark County, WA184305$11.2M
outflow2223Maricopa County, AZ140224$15.0M
inflow2223Clark County, WA131224$11.1M
outflow2223Other flows - Northeast, DS130209$8.2M
inflow2223Los Angeles County, CA128216$8.4M
inflow2223Maricopa County, AZ121184$7.1M
inflow2223Deschutes County, OR117180$7.8M
inflow2223Other flows - Northeast, DS103164$6.6M
outflow2223Lincoln County, OR102155$5.3M
outflow2223King County, WA87117$4.6M
inflow2223Jackson County, OR82115$5.9M
inflow2223King County, WA80129$6.1M
inflow2223San Diego County, CA70114$4.8M
outflow2223Los Angeles County, CA6597$4.0M
inflow2223Lincoln County, OR65111$3.3M
outflow2223Jackson County, OR65101$3.9M
outflow2223Pima County, AZ61100$4.0M
outflow2223San Diego County, CA6094$2.9M
inflow2223Riverside County, CA5988$3.1M
inflow2223Ada County, ID5892$3.7M
outflow2223Foreign - Other flows, FR5289$3.0M
inflow2223Douglas County, OR5287$2.5M
outflow2223Pierce County, WA4875$2.7M
inflow2223Orange County, CA4767$3.1M
outflow2223Ada County, ID4792$3.2M
inflow2223Pierce County, WA4674$2.4M
outflow2223Douglas County, OR4574$2.0M
inflow2223Santa Clara County, CA4476$4.0M
outflow2223Clark County, NV4373$4.9M
inflow2223Umatilla County, OR4281$2.1M
outflow2223Umatilla County, OR4276$1.8M
outflow2223Snohomish County, WA4154$1.8M
inflow2223Snohomish County, WA3972$3.1M
outflow2223Spokane County, WA3868$2.2M
inflow2223Spokane County, WA3858$1.8M
inflow2223Clark County, NV3760$1.4M
inflow2223Coos County, OR3664$2.0M
inflow2223Honolulu County, HI3670$1.1M
outflow2223Riverside County, CA3558$2.9M
inflow2223Thurston County, WA3553$2.2M
inflow2223San Bernardino County, CA3464$1.7M
inflow2223Tillamook County, OR3459$3.0M
inflow2223Sacramento County, CA3449$1.7M
outflow2223Orange County, CA3351$1.9M
outflow2223Josephine County, OR3352$2.0M
inflow2223Kern County, CA3257$1.5M
outflow2223Coos County, OR3259$1.1M
outflow2223Cowlitz County, WA3157$2.0M
outflow2223Canyon County, ID3157$1.5M
outflow2223Tillamook County, OR3050$1.6M
outflow2223Klamath County, OR3043$1.3M
inflow2223Klamath County, OR2948$1.6M
outflow2223Pinal County, AZ2952$2.8M
inflow2223Salt Lake County, UT2844$2.3M
outflow2223Sacramento County, CA2744$1.2M
outflow2223San Bernardino County, CA2741$1.5M
inflow2223Foreign - Other flows, FR2748$2.2M
inflow2223Columbia County, OR2649$2.0M
outflow2223Columbia County, OR2639$962K
inflow2223Contra Costa County, CA2635$2.4M
inflow2223Washoe County, NV2631$1.6M
outflow2223Thurston County, WA2536$2.1M
outflow2223Harris County, TX2544$1.4M
outflow2223Williamson County, TX2549$2.4M
inflow2223Anchorage Municipality, AK2433$1.5M
outflow2223Crook County, OR2451$1.6M
inflow2223Alameda County, CA2438$2.2M
inflow2223Ventura County, CA2442$1.4M
inflow2223Clatsop County, OR2235$1.1M
inflow2223Harris County, TX2128$959K
outflow2223Kitsap County, WA2127$862K
outflow2223Honolulu County, HI2140$1.0M
inflow2223Josephine County, OR2142$1.5M
outflow2223Bexar County, TX2039$1.2M
outflow2223Clatsop County, OR2032$799K
inflow2223Santa Barbara County, CA2036$1.0M
inflow2223El Paso County, CO2039$1.4M
inflow2223Jefferson County, OR2026$851K
outflow2223Utah County, UT2034$1.2M
outflow2122Foreign - Other flows, FR
inflow2122Foreign - Other flows, FR
outflow2122Polk County, OR1,1852,232$73.4M
inflow2122Polk County, OR1,1181,891$58.9M
outflow2122Other flows - West, DS9091,579$55.0M
inflow2122Other flows - West, DS8881,500$49.7M
inflow2122Clackamas County, OR8381,582$69.1M
outflow2122Other flows - South, DS8191,558$71.3M
outflow2122Clackamas County, OR7421,253$49.9M
inflow2122Washington County, OR7211,259$45.9M
outflow2122Linn County, OR7201,416$44.5M
outflow2122Multnomah County, OR603823$27.2M
inflow2122Multnomah County, OR595926$37.9M
outflow2122Washington County, OR591927$27.2M
inflow2122Linn County, OR542998$43.0M
inflow2122Other flows - South, DS489851$27.8M
outflow2122Other flows - Midwest, DS403777$23.8M
inflow2122Other flows - Midwest, DS315493$14.8M
outflow2122Lane County, OR280414$14.9M
outflow2122Yamhill County, OR270462$12.7M
inflow2122Lane County, OR268390$16.8M
inflow2122Yamhill County, OR263454$11.9M
inflow2122Benton County, OR223326$9.7M
outflow2122Deschutes County, OR200352$17.5M
outflow2122Benton County, OR192302$9.8M
inflow2122Clark County, WA167295$8.7M
outflow2122Clark County, WA165269$9.3M
outflow2122Maricopa County, AZ148249$12.3M
inflow2122Other flows - Northeast, DS135203$9.4M
inflow2122Los Angeles County, CA134213$8.0M
outflow2122Other flows - Northeast, DS129226$8.0M
inflow2122Deschutes County, OR126214$7.7M
inflow2122Maricopa County, AZ111192$7.0M
inflow2122Lincoln County, OR108175$5.3M
outflow2122Lincoln County, OR97164$5.3M
outflow2122King County, WA91130$5.0M
inflow2122San Diego County, CA87138$4.1M
inflow2122Jackson County, OR80132$4.9M
outflow2122Jackson County, OR79132$3.5M
inflow2122King County, WA75107$6.5M
outflow2122Umatilla County, OR75107$2.3M
inflow2122Riverside County, CA68111$3.0M
inflow2122Orange County, CA67111$4.5M
outflow2122Clark County, NV66129$6.3M
outflow2122Ada County, ID65100$4.7M
inflow2122Clark County, NV61101$6.0M
inflow2122San Bernardino County, CA59111$3.2M
outflow2122Los Angeles County, CA5887$2.8M
inflow2122Umatilla County, OR5670$1.4M
outflow2122Pierce County, WA5587$2.6M
outflow2122San Diego County, CA5392$5.9M
outflow2122Douglas County, OR5298$3.0M
inflow2122Honolulu County, HI46109$2.1M
inflow2122Snohomish County, WA4465$2.7M
inflow2122Sacramento County, CA4385$2.4M
inflow2122Pierce County, WA4376$2.2M
inflow2122Douglas County, OR4266$2.4M
inflow2122Coos County, OR4161$1.3M
outflow2122Malheur County, OR4044$208K
outflow2122Klamath County, OR3958$2.3M
inflow2122Alameda County, CA3864$3.7M
inflow2122Ada County, ID3859$2.0M
inflow2122Salt Lake County, UT3560$2.1M
outflow2122Snohomish County, WA3559$2.1M
inflow2122Clatsop County, OR3442$1.5M
outflow2122Crook County, OR3463$2.2M
inflow2122Ventura County, CA3457$2.4M
inflow2122Columbia County, OR3462$2.2M
outflow2122Pima County, AZ3350$2.1M
outflow2122Josephine County, OR3358$2.1M
inflow2122Klamath County, OR3352$2.0M
inflow2122Contra Costa County, CA3347$2.1M
outflow2122Riverside County, CA3258$2.0M
inflow2122Jefferson County, OR3154$1.2M
outflow2122Spokane County, WA2958$1.9M
outflow2122Coos County, OR2952$1.3M
outflow2122Thurston County, WA2965$2.0M
inflow2122Spokane County, WA2941$1.8M
inflow2122Thurston County, WA2944$2.0M
inflow2122Tillamook County, OR2953$1.9M
inflow2122Malheur County, OR2837$650K
outflow2122Clatsop County, OR2736$967K
outflow2122Pinal County, AZ2750$2.0M
outflow2122Kootenai County, ID2757$7.2M
outflow2122Salt Lake County, UT2744$1.6M
inflow2122Santa Clara County, CA2749$4.0M
outflow2122Orange County, CA2640$1.3M
inflow2122Yakima County, WA2638$1.0M
outflow2122Canyon County, ID2655$1.8M
outflow2122Washoe County, NV2537$1.5M
inflow2122Washoe County, NV2538$2.2M
inflow2122San Joaquin County, CA2434$1.5M
outflow2122El Paso County, CO2447$1.7M
inflow2122Wasco County, OR2437$1.3M
outflow2122Kitsap County, WA2336$1.5M
outflow2122Hawaii County, HI2241$2.0M
inflow2122Pima County, AZ2234$1.5M
inflow2122Crook County, OR2232$1.2M

UAD APPRAISALS

FHFA Uniform Appraisal Dataset aggregates for Marion County.

FHFA UAD aggregate statistics (uad_aggregate_county, geoid) and appraisal-level public use file (uad_puf, county_fips)

2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,867.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2023RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals601.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2023BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals2,468.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2023RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals438,000.0
2023BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals440,000.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals440,000.0
2023PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2022BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals435,000.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals442,900.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2022RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1,512.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2022RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals420,000.0
2022BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals4,259.0
2022PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals2,747.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2021RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals390,000.0
2021BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals7,389.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals3,536.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2021RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals3,853.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2021BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals395,000.0
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.6
2021PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals400,000.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2020BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals7,727.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals3,233.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2020BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals345,000.0
2020RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals345,000.0
2020RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals4,494.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals345,000.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2020PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.3
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2019BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals311,000.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals3,087.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2019RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals312,000.0
2019BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals6,583.0
2019RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals3,496.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals310,000.0
2019PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2018RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals280,000.0
2018BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals5,459.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals3,093.0
2018RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals2,366.0
2018BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals290,000.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals298,000.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.3
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2018PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2017RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals263,000.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2017BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals5,878.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals3,190.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals275,000.0
2017RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals2,688.0
2017PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2017BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals270,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals2,928.0
2016RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals250,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals248,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2016BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals250,000.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2016PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2016BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals5,960.0
2016RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals3,032.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals230,000.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.2
2015RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals226,000.0
2015BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals4,632.0
2015RefinanceNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals2,188.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.1
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals0.7
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals2,444.0
2015BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals230,000.0
2015PurchaseNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals1.0
2014BothNo CharacteristicAll Appraisals217,000.0

ECONOMY & INCOME

Local economy indicators — BLS unemployment rates and BEA personal income for Marion County.

BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (bls_laus_county_month, geoid) and BEA personal income (bea_county_income, geo_fips)

BLS Local Area Unemployment

2026-05181,960173,4778,4834.7%
2026-04179,926171,7478,1794.5%
2026-03180,767171,5529,2155.1%
2026-02180,985171,0989,8875.5%
2026-01179,583169,35010,2335.7%
2025-12182,264173,3948,8704.9%
2025-11183,364174,7298,6354.7%
2025-09185,183176,1239,0604.9%
2025-08184,374174,5109,8645.3%
2025-07184,340174,22810,1125.5%
2025-06181,976172,7229,2545.1%
2025-05179,091170,5488,5434.8%
2025-04178,257170,1938,0644.5%
2025-03177,527168,3849,1435.2%
2025-02176,811167,7309,0815.1%
2025-01175,961166,6429,3195.3%
2024-12176,419168,3928,0274.5%
2024-11175,876168,5287,3484.2%
2024-10178,575171,3707,2054.0%
2024-09180,427173,2457,1824.0%
2024-08179,444171,3688,0764.5%
2024-07178,055169,8208,2354.6%
2024-06176,729169,4827,2474.1%
2024-05174,851168,3996,4523.7%
2024-04174,482168,2096,2733.6%
2024-03174,606166,9047,7024.4%
2024-02173,360165,3827,9784.6%
2024-01170,878162,6368,2424.8%
2023-12172,600165,6096,9914.1%
2023-11173,188167,0686,1203.5%
2023-10173,152166,9166,2363.6%
2023-09175,176168,8886,2883.6%
2023-08174,425167,5516,8743.9%
2023-07173,628166,8566,7723.9%
2023-06172,976166,3906,5863.8%
2023-05170,873165,1325,7413.4%
2023-04169,101163,9905,1113.0%
2023-03170,162163,7746,3883.8%
2023-02169,919162,8297,0904.2%
2023-01168,201160,7007,5014.5%
2022-12168,194161,6216,5733.9%
2022-11168,469161,9236,5463.9%
2022-10170,519163,7786,7414.0%
2022-09173,330166,6796,6513.8%
2022-08173,419165,8167,6034.4%
2022-07173,261165,7847,4774.3%
2022-06170,258163,3826,8764.0%
2022-05168,879163,0695,8103.4%
2022-04169,303163,1656,1383.6%
2022-03169,467162,4976,9704.1%
2022-02168,862161,7787,0844.2%
2022-01167,345159,4797,8664.7%
2021-12166,553160,3106,2433.7%
2021-11166,873160,9475,9263.6%
2021-10167,274161,0996,1753.7%
2021-09169,065162,0896,9764.1%
2021-08169,813161,7058,1084.8%
2021-07171,800162,9998,8015.1%
2021-06169,058159,9659,0935.4%
2021-05167,072158,6358,4375.0%
2021-04168,353159,0589,2955.5%
2021-03167,677157,34710,3306.2%
2021-02165,354154,77910,5756.4%
2021-01163,966152,77911,1876.8%
2020-12165,663155,60410,0596.1%
2020-11166,244157,1269,1185.5%
2020-10167,509158,0709,4395.6%
2020-09167,880156,92810,9526.5%
2020-08168,100156,88611,2146.7%
2020-07166,949152,99913,9508.4%
2020-06164,543149,90614,6378.9%
2020-05160,666144,03116,63510.4%
2020-04156,104137,69218,41211.8%
2020-03160,247152,5767,6714.8%
2020-02160,596154,1586,4384.0%
2020-01159,127152,2686,8594.3%
2019-12160,927155,8635,0643.1%
2019-11162,268157,6354,6332.9%
2019-10162,736157,8234,9133.0%
2019-09163,305157,8885,4173.3%
2019-08164,954158,1476,8074.1%
2019-07165,595158,3887,2074.4%
2019-06163,856157,3236,5334.0%
2019-05161,107155,4925,6153.5%
2019-04160,472154,2956,1773.8%
2019-03161,017153,6417,3764.6%
2019-02160,788153,5577,2314.5%
2019-01160,413152,4197,9945.0%
2018-12159,467152,6856,7824.3%
2018-11160,580154,4906,0903.8%
2018-10161,016154,7186,2983.9%
2018-09161,587155,5006,0873.8%
2018-08163,161156,2746,8874.2%
2018-07164,591157,4387,1534.3%
2018-06162,789156,1176,6724.1%
2018-05160,193154,5735,6203.5%
2018-04159,113152,9326,1813.9%
2018-03159,799152,6327,1674.5%
2018-02160,088152,7997,2894.6%
2018-01158,489150,9877,5024.7%

BEA Personal Income

2024$21.22B352,867$60K
2023$20.09B349,874$57K
2022$19.14B349,388$55K
2021$18.91B347,784$54K
2020$16.98B346,305$49K
2019$15.39B344,713$45K
2018$14.53B342,976$42K
2017$13.71B338,617$40K
2016$13.00B333,670$39K
2015$12.31B327,492$38K
2014$11.49B323,167$36K
2013$10.71B320,492$33K
2012$10.54B319,173$33K
2011$10.21B317,670$32K
2010$9.86B315,871$31K
2009$9.62B313,389$31K
2008$9.77B309,729$32K
2007$9.23B306,964$30K
2006$8.97B303,290$30K
2005$8.16B299,461$27K
2004$7.74B297,139$26K
2003$7.47B295,317$25K
2002$7.18B292,533$25K
2001$7.10B288,136$25K
2000$7.08B285,411$25K
1999$6.79B282,129$24K
1998$6.46B277,257$23K
1997$6.09B272,178$22K
1996$5.89B266,490$22K
1995$5.51B260,879$21K
1994$5.15B254,855$20K
1993$4.81B249,287$19K
1992$4.51B242,236$19K
1991$18K

NFIP FLOOD CLAIMS

FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) realised flood loss claims in Marion County.

FEMA NFIP redacted claims (nfip_claim, county_code)

2025-12-19$5K$5K$0No
2025-12-19$0Yes
2025-12-19$0Yes
2025-12-19$66K$66K$0Yes
2025-12-18$10K$4K$6KYes
2025-12-18$7K$5K$1KYes
2025-03-07$0No
2024-11-20$0$0$0Yes
2021-12-21$148K$148K$0Yes
2021-12-20$0$0$0Yes
2021-11-11$0Yes
2021-02-13$0$0$0No
2020-09-18$5K$5K$0Yes
2020-09-17$0Yes
2019-09-10$5K$5K$0Yes
2019-04-11$16K$14K$2KNo
2019-04-09$11K$11K$0Yes
2018-12-23$5K$5K$0Yes
2017-03-28$0Yes
2017-02-19$0Yes
2017-02-10$0Yes
2017-02-09$410.05$410.05$0Yes
2016-01-18$0No
2016-01-14$0Yes
2016-01-02$8K$8K$0Yes
2015-12-18$25K$25K$0No
2015-12-18$27K$27K$0Yes
2015-12-17$8K$8K$0Yes
2015-12-11$0Yes
2015-12-08$0No
2015-12-07$4K$4K$0No
2015-12-07$0No
2015-11-17$0No
2015-01-14$9K$9K$0Yes
2012-11-19$4K$4K$0Yes
2012-11-19$0Yes
2012-10-29$0No
2012-07-17$0Yes
2012-02-20$2K$2K$0Yes
2012-02-13$5K$5K$0No
2012-02-01$35K$31K$5KNo
2012-01-26$4K$4K$0No
2012-01-23$8K$8K$0Yes
2012-01-23$2K$2K$0No
2012-01-23$875.32$875.32$0Yes
2012-01-22$23K$19K$4KNo
2012-01-20$16K$16K$0No
2012-01-20$14K$14K$0No
2012-01-20$108K$108K$0No
2012-01-20$0Yes
2012-01-20$35K$34K$1KYes
2012-01-20$10K$10K$209.77Yes
2012-01-20$16K$16K$0No
2012-01-20$12K$12K$0Yes
2012-01-20$29K$29K$0Yes
2012-01-19$0No
2012-01-19$0No
2012-01-19$48K$48K$0Yes
2012-01-19$18K$16K$2KYes
2012-01-19$0No
2012-01-19$8K$8K$0Yes
2012-01-19$29K$29K$0No
2012-01-19$19K$19K$0Yes
2012-01-19$1K$1K$0No
2012-01-19$41K$41K$0Yes
2012-01-19$15K$15K$0No
2012-01-19$2K$2K$0Yes
2012-01-19$15K$15K$0No
2012-01-19$15K$15K$0No
2012-01-19$6K$6K$0No
2012-01-19$61K$53K$0Yes
2012-01-19$573.14$573.14$0Yes
2012-01-19$0Yes
2012-01-19$11K$11K$0Yes
2012-01-19$0No
2012-01-19$11K$11K$0Yes
2012-01-19$8K$8K$0Yes
2012-01-19$47K$47K$0Yes
2012-01-19$20K$0$20KNo
2012-01-19$23K$23K$0No
2012-01-19$0No
2012-01-19$898.51$898.51$0Yes
2012-01-19$9K$9K$0Yes
2012-01-19$17K$17K$0Yes
2012-01-19$30K$30K$0Yes
2012-01-19$2K$2K$0Yes
2012-01-19$0Yes
2012-01-19$4K$4K$0No
2012-01-19$3K$3K$0Yes
2012-01-19$6K$6K$0Yes
2012-01-19$13K$13K$0No
2012-01-19$39K$39K$0No
2012-01-19$6K$6K$0Yes
2012-01-19$4K$4K$0Yes
2012-01-19$112K$112K$0No
2012-01-19$2K$2K$0No
2012-01-19$92K$57K$34KYes
2012-01-19$647.02$647.02$0Yes
2012-01-19$23K$10K$13KYes
2012-01-19$1K$1K$0No

ALSO CHECKED

18 more data areas were checked for Marion County and did not earn a tab. A missing tab and an unasked question look the same on screen, so each one is named with the reason it is missing.

  • WRONG GRAIN
    FHA

    FHA Neighborhood Watch DOES publish county rows, but keys them on a free-text county NAME (“CHITTENDEN|VT”), not a FIPS code, and the single-family endorsement snapshot's property_county is likewise free text. Joining either to a county FIPS by name would attribute one county's delinquency to another wherever a name repeats, so FHA is a state-grain tab only until a curated name→FIPS crosswalk exists

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Fannie / Freddie

    the FHFA public-use database publishes single-family acquisitions at STATE and CENSUS-TRACT grain; no county rollup is published or loaded, and rolling tracts up to counties would double-count the tracts that straddle a county line

  • WRONG GRAIN
    GSE credit-risk transfer

    CAS and STACR loan-level disclosures publish PROPERTY STATE and a 3-digit zip; neither carries a county code, so credit-risk-transfer collateral cannot be attributed to a county

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Ginnie Mae

    Ginnie Mae's loan-level disclosure publishes PROPERTY STATE and nothing finer — there is no county, ZIP or tract field in the file, so agency-pool collateral has no county grain at all. The same is true of the UMBS pool file (fhfa_mbs_pool), which carries only CA/NY/FL/TX/PR concentration percentages

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Housing finance agency

    a housing finance agency is a STATE-chartered body — county is not a grain it has. Its programmes reach counties, but the agency itself is one row per state: hfa_agency is keyed on state_code and carries no county column, and there is no county-level agency underneath it to aggregate from

  • WRONG GRAIN
    CUSO network

    the NCUA CUSO Registry publishes a CUSO's city and STATE and no county at all (cuso_registry, migration 0195). A county FIPS does exist on the member-credit-union side (cuso_credit_union_link.cu_county_fips), but it is the CREDIT UNION'S CHARTER ADDRESS — where the institution is registered, not where the mortgage service it buys is delivered — so a county tab built on it would pin a statewide, often multi-state, service relationship onto the one county a charter document happens to name

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Subservicing map

    the same absence, one grain finer: subservicing_relationships holds no property or collateral column at all, so there is nothing to aggregate to a county. Where a client is a state HFA, the state housing finance agency area on this hub carries that agency and its named master servicer at its own state grain

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Co-issue MSR

    the same absence, and worse at county grain: Ginnie's loan-level disclosure publishes property STATE and nothing finer — no county, ZIP or tract field exists in the file — so even the collateral split that is rejected above at state grain is not available here at all

  • WRONG GRAIN
    MSR transfer graph

    the same absence at a finer grain, with no additional route to one: ginnie_servicing_transfers has no county column and the Ginnie loan-level disclosure it would have to be joined to publishes property state and nothing finer — no county, ZIP or tract field exists in either file

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Builder & realtor JV

    the same absence, one grain finer: the affiliation corpus has no geographic column at all, so nothing can be aggregated to a county. The affiliate lender's actual county-level originations are on the HMDA area of the county hub, keyed on the lender rather than on its parent

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Non-QM deal calendar

    the same structural gap, one grain finer: a 144A non-QM deal publishes no asset-level file at all, so there is no loan, no property and therefore no county to attribute anything to. This is the one absence on this hub that no future load can close

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Agency-MBS demand

    the same absence, and Ginnie's disclosure has no county field at any grain, so even the collateral allocation that is rejected above at state grain cannot be computed here

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Complaints-rate stack

    the same broken denominator, plus a numerator that does not reach county either: the CFPB publishes a complaint's state and a partially redacted ZIP and no county, so neither half of this ratio exists at county grain

  • WRONG GRAIN
    NMLS licensing

    NMLS licences are issued by a STATE regulator and the industry report is published by state agency and quarter; there is no county in the licensing system to aggregate to

  • WRONG GRAIN
    CFPB complaints

    the CFPB publishes a complaint's STATE and a partially redacted ZIP; it publishes no county, and deriving one from a redacted ZIP would put complaints in the wrong county wherever a ZIP straddles a county line

  • WRONG GRAIN
    State enforcement

    enforcement orders are issued by a STATE regulator against a licensee; they carry no property or county

  • WRONG GRAIN
    WARN notices

    a WARN notice names an employer, a CITY and a region — no county code — and matching city to county by name is ambiguous in most states

  • WRONG GRAIN
    Mortgage employment

    the QCEW extract loaded here holds STATE and METRO area types only — the county-level QCEW file is a separate, far larger download that is not loaded, so county mortgage employment cannot be shown honestly

Several of the areas above are published only at state grain. They are all on the OR state hub, which carries the same registry at the grain those sources actually have.

Go deeper

EVERY HMDA RECORD IN MARION COUNTYOpens the loan explorer already filtered to county FIPS 41047.

See the Oregon state market profile for the statewide picture, the Oregon state hub for every dataset we hold on the state in one place, or the national lender leaderboard for who is largest across every market.

Sources: HMDA public loan-level disclosure (CFPB/FFIEC) aggregated to county-year; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey; FEMA National Risk Index and disaster declarations. Figures are as loaded — see data attribution.

Fair-lending context: denial rates and demographic figures shown here are descriptive statistics derived from public HMDA and U.S. Census data. HMDA does not contain the credit, income, or underwriting variables that explain most lending outcomes, so a difference between lenders or areas is a statistical observation about published data — not evidence of, and not a determination of, discrimination or redlining by any institution.